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Ezidi Holy Places: An In-Depth Compilation

Quba Pîr Hecî Elî in the town of Baedrê, Şêxan district, Duhok Governorate. Source: Levi Clancy, CC BY-SA 4.0
Quba Pîr Hecî Elî in the town of Baedrê, Şêxan district, Duhok Governorate. Source: Levi Clancy, CC BY-SA 4.0

Table of Contents

Introduction

This article aims to provide a concise overview of various types of holy places in Ezidism, encompassing all types of holy structures (Avahîyêt Xasa), cemeteries, landmarks and natural sites. We’ve compiled a comprehensive alphabetical list of these sacred sites across Ezidi regions in Kurdistan, Armenia, and Georgia, based on the data we have gathered. The data is sourced from various scholarly references on Ezidis, video documentaries published by local media as well as the data collected from field research. It is worth noting that this list does not claim to be exhaustive or final; rather, it is a compilation only of the Ezidi holy places that have been documented in scholarly literature as well as video documentaries. Meaning that there may be yet more unnamed Ezidi holy places that have not been documented in scholarly literature. But as documentation and research on Ezidism advances, this list may undergo further updates and expansions.

Qub & Mezargeh

Qub

Qub, which literally translates to “dome”, “cupola” or “spire”, is perhaps the most iconic and well-known type of Ezidi sacred structures, found in Lalish and almost all of Ezidi territories. They vary in length, width and size, but generally consist of one structure built in a polygonal and conical shape, starting with the construction of a square-shaped base often with a width of three metres and a length of five metres. Within or in the vicinity of Qubs there also tends to exist sacred ponds, springs, gardens, trees, stones and sometimes also graveyards. Each Qub is named after a saint or holy being it is dedicated to. They are considered places of worship, devotion and religious gathering, often hosting local feasts which, depending on the region, are referred to as “Cema” which take place throughout summer and autumn seasons, or “Tiwaf” which take place throughout spring season. On a wedding day, the bride and groom are taken to the nearest Qub to pay respects and kiss the sacred objects for blessings. Because of the sacred nature of Qubs, it is prohibited to pollute and defile them. Before entering the Qubs grounds, all visitors must take off their shoes.[1]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, “The Role of Nature in Yezidism: Poetic Texts and Living Tradition” pp. 199-200 Additionally, Qubs usually feature a small entrance, prompting the visitor to bow their head upon entering as a sign of respect.

Mezar/Mezargeh

Mezar (lit. ‘tomb’, ‘mausoleum’), also known as Mezargeh, in theory refers to mausoleums or buildings housing the tombs (‘sindrûk’) of Ezidi saints,[2]Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022 who are called “Xas”, “Mêr”, “Babçak”, “Çakê Xwedê” or “Babzer” in Kurdish. Mezargehs normally share similar functions and structural features as Qubs. However, in colloquial discourse, the term “Mezargeh” also tends to inclusively be applied to denote a multitude of shrine types, rather than a mausoleum or any other specific and special type of sacred structure. Hence its usage as a synonym with “Qub” or “Nîşangeh” for many shrines that do not contain any tombs. Mezars may also contain a multitude of courtyards, buildings, shrines and graveyards. Like Qubs, they host the local gatherings and feasts known as “Cema” or “Tiwaf” too and normally, within or in the vicinity of a Mezargeh, there are holy sources of water, sacred trees, gardens, stones and caves. People visit Mezargehs for blessings and to seek fulfillment of wishes on both regular and religious days. As in the case of all other holy buildings, one must also remove their shoes before entering a Mezargeh and it is forbidden to defile and pollute a Mezargeh.[3]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198

Because the terms Mezar and Qub are often used interchangeably for many shrines, and there is limited data on shrines containing tombs, we’ve combined them into a single list.

  1. Mezargehê Çilmêran: Located in the village of Pêda situated 45 km north-east of the city of Duhok. Also sometimes called a Nîşangeh. The village is now islamized and inhabited by Muslim Kurds, however, the ruins of this shrine and remnants of its graveyard can still be found.[4]Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/9xhn5yeLDWuKgGHy/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)
  2. Mezargehê Deqê Mêra: Located north-east of the Şingal mountain.[5]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
  3. Mezargehê Kerecal: Located on Sîna mountain near the village of Sîna near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh. [6]Waar Media. (2023a, May 3). Kinyat – Tewafa Kerejal | كنیات -تەوافا كەرەجال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Apuof_ZSUAg
  4. Mezargehê Koçek Birhîm: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[7]Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
  5. Mezargehê Koçek Xidir ê Baqesrî: Also known as Ziyaretgeha Koçek Xidir ê Baqesrî, is a tomb located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. Koçek Xidir was a famous Koçek from the village who used to heal pains and illnesses during his time. Today, his tomb is still visited by those seeking a cure for ailments.[8]پیر خەلات ئەلیاس جەعفۆ (٢٠١٨) باسکێ شێخان: تیرێژەکا گەش ل سەر گوندێن ئێزدیان (Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, Baskê Şêxan: … Continue reading
  6. Mezargehê Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located west of the Şingal mountain.[9]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
  7. Mezargehê Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located north-east of the Şingal mountain.[10]Ibid
  8. Mezargehê Mîr Amadînê Şemsa: Located east of the Şingal mountain.[11]Ibid
  9. Mezargehê Mîr Amadînê Şemsa: Located north-east of the Şingal mountain.[12]Ibid
  10. Mezargehê Pîraxayê: Located in the village of Kulka on Şingal mountain. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Qub.[13]Ibid. pp. 197-199, 301
  11. Mezargehê Pîr Biwal ê Sêderî: Said to be located in the village of Sêder in Amadiya district of Duhok Governorate, albeit not under the possession of Ezidis anymore due to Islamization of the area.[14]Çira TV. (2022h, July 23). 21.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DezfAlWtDlQ
  12. Mezargehê Pîr Biwal ê Sêderî: Located near Meqlub Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district. Also has a graveyard.[15]Ibid
  13. Mezargehê Pîr Hecî Eli: Also known as Quba Pîr Hecî Elî. Located in the town of Baedrê, Duhok Governorate. Contains the tomb of Pîr Hecî Elî and has a large graveyard.[16]Field study in the spring of 2024
  14. Mezargehê Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): A Qub located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[17]Ibid
  15. Mezargehê Pîr Qedîbilban ê Mûsilî: Located in the city of Mosul in Nineveh Governorate. This was originally an Ezidi shrine but has been turned into a mosque. However, its Ezidi architectural style was preserved.[18]Pirbari, Dimitri, & Mossaki, Nodar, 2022
  16. Mezargehê Riwalê Keviniyê: Located in the old abandoned village of Keviniyê east of the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[19]Fan Media K. (2024a, July 6). Bername | Cih U Waar |بەرنامێ| (جهـ و وار) |خەلەکا (1) گوندێ (بوزان) | Fan media k [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  17. Mezargehê Sit Nefîsa: Located in the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate.[20]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
  18. Mezargehê Şerfedîn: Located north of the Şingal mountain.[21]Çiya Press. (2023, September 9). الايزيديون يحيون مراسيم اليوم الأول من جماية مزار شرف الدين. Retrieved January 1, 2024, from … Continue reading
  19. Mezargehê Şêx Bil: Located in the old Şarya village in Duhok Governorate.[22]Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 17). به رنامه ی سه ما .. دیـروکا گـوندێ شـاریا کـەڤـن و هـەبوونا مـەزارگـەهێن ئـێزدیان دڤی … Continue reading
  20. Mezargehê Şêx Mend: Located north-east of the Şingal mountain.[23]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
  21. Mezargehê Şêx Şems: Located in Kîroc valley in Şingal.[24]Ibid
  22. Quba Alûbekir û Kurbekir: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate. People with skin diseases such as scabies and impetigo visit this place to seek a cure.[25]Ibid. p. 244 and Pirbari, Dimtri (2008). “Lalisha Nurani” p. 170
  23. Quba Babê Çawîşê Şîxadî: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê. Originally a Nîşangeh, this shrine was reconstructed as a Qub in 1985.[26]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  24. Quba Babê Nebî Nûh: Located in the village of Xetarê in Duhok Governorate.[27]According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
  25. Quba Babê Şehîd: One of the two Qubs of the same name located in the village of Xetarê in Duhok Governorate.[28]According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
  26. Quba Babê Şehîd: One of the two Qubs of the same name located in the village of Xetarê in Duhok Governorate.[29]Ibid
  27. Quba Babê Şehîd: Located near Quba Melekê Mêran in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh.[30]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  28. Quba Bilêl: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[31]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  29. Quba Cimo: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[32]Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
  30. Quba Çilmêran: Located on the top of Şingal mountain.[33]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 103
  31. Quba Dayika Pîroz: Also known as Quba Kîja Bukir, located on Gir Mibarik near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. Originally a Nîşangeh that was recently reconstructed as a Qub.[34]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 73
  32. Quba Evdal Omera: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate. Originally a Nişangeh that was recently reconstructed as a Qub.[35]Field study in the spring of 2024[36]كاروان حجی باعەدری, “دەروازەییەکا هەمەلایەتە بۆ گوندێ گابارا” (Karwan Hecî Baedrî, “Derwazeyeka Hemelayene bo Gundê Gabara”) … Continue reading
  33. Quba Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Kendal near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. Located next to Quba Êzî.[37]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 77
  34. Quba Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[38]Ibid. p. 55
  35. Quba Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Dêrebûn near Zakho, Duhok Governorate. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar and has a graveyard as well as a spring (Kanîya Evdê Reş) next to it.[39]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 199, 301
  36. Quba Evdê Reş: Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh. [40]Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
  37. Quba Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Şêxka in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[41]According to Mam Edil, a local religious expert and Qewlbêj, in an interview with Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/zNBVygzm9_0?si=EQUpwKJ1ym6-3mel
  38. Quba Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[42]Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92[43]Field study in the spring of 2024
  39. Quba Êzdîna Mîr: Located south of the village of Şêxka in Duhok Governorate. This shrine was originally a Nîşangeh and was recently reconstructed as a Qub, however, it is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar. It also has a graveyard.[44]According to Mam Edil, a local religious expert and Qewlbêj, in an interview with Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/labksEUhCqI?si=pMY3lTfJf8WKZU33
  40. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located in the village of Kendal near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. Originally a Nîşangeh, this shrine was reconstructed as a Qub recently. Also has a graveyard.[45]Lalish TV. (2022a, January 26). Walate kal u bava – Gonde Kandal [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJF58OhQ_eg
  41. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located in the town of Mehetê, Duhok Governorate.[46]Field study in the spring of 2024
  42. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located in the city centre of Şingal. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[47]ايزيدي ٢٤ :: Ezidi 24. (2019c, November 2). شنگال : ب هادربوونا جەماوەرەکی مەزن ، ڤەکرنا یەکەمین مەزارێ دینی یێ ئێزدیان … Continue reading
  43. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[48]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  44. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh.[49]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  45. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located in the village of Xetarê in Duhok Governorate.[50]According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
  46. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located on the northern slopes of Şingal mountain. Originally a Nîşangeh, this shrine was reconstructed as a Qub in 1999.[51]Lalish TV. (2021b, September 2). Welate kal u bava – quba Ezdid [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB4ADUJq-84
  47. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located near the village of Şahsimê in Batman province on a hilltop next to Ziyareta Qubildor.[52]Lalish TV. (2022b, September 7). Ware Kal u bava Batman – gunde Shahsme (Ali Kartal) basha 2 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5t-orqvCTUc
  48. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: Located in the city of Tbilisi in Georgia.[53]“ეზიდთა სასულიერო საბჭო საქართველოში” ოფიციალური საიტი. (n.d.). Სსიპ. … Continue reading
  49. Quba [Siltan] Êzî: A Nîşangeh built in the shape of a small Qub located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate.[54]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  50. Quba Felekê: Located in the village of Otilcê north of the city of Tirbespî in Hesekê Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[55]صدى الواقع السوري VEDENG. (2022, February 6). قرية أوتلجة otelce والتي يسكنها الكرد الأيزيديين تاريخها مع الإعلامي شعلان … Continue reading
  51. Quba Heft Mêrê Dîwanê: Located in the village of Aknalich in Armenia.[56]Ekurd Daily. (2019, September 30). World’s largest Yazidi temple opens in Armenia. Kurd Net – Ekurd.net Daily News. https://ekurd.net/worlds-largest-yazidi-temple-2019-09-30
  52. Quba Hekîm Fêris (Hekîmê Luqman): Located in the village of Xetarê in Duhok Governorate.[57]According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
  53. Quba Kanîya Spî: One of the six Qubs located in Laliş and contains the sacred spring of Kanîya Spî, where Ezidis get baptized.[58]Bedelê Feqîr Hecî (2002). “Bawerî û Mîtologiya Êzidîyan: Çendeha Têkist û Vekolîn” p. 29
  54. Quba Kanîya Spî: Situated 8 km north of the Laliş sanctuary and 3 km south of Etrûş town in the Duhok Governorate, the Qub was constructed over a spring that shared the same source as Kanîya Spî in Laliş. Despite the Islamization of the region and its current Muslim Kurdish population, the Qub continued to attract pilgrims and remained standing until 1963, when it was destroyed by unidentified outlaws. Its ruins can still be found today and its water is still flowing.[59]Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/EEHjhPtPz8qH5npW/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)
  55. Quba Kurê Riwal: Between the villages of Xoşaba and Nifêriyê in Duhok Governorate. Originally a Nîşangeh, this shrine was reconstructed as a Qub recently.[60]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
  56. Quba Melekê Mêran: Located in the town of Başîqa, Nineveh Governorate. People suffering from malaria and rheumatism come to this shrine to seek a cure. For the malaria-sufferer, the Micêwir (custodian) of the shrine gives a quantity of soil from the shrine, which the patient then kneads with the water of a spring close to the shrine and afterwards daubs their head with it. Rheumatism sufferers also take some soil from this shrine, go down to a stream in order to mix it with the water to make mud, which is then to be rubbed on the belly.[61]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 244-245
  57. Quba Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located in the village of Xorza in Duhok Governorate. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[62]ايزيدي ٢٤ :: Ezidi 24. (2019, May 18). خورزان : إحياء مراسيم طوافة ملك فخر الدين [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2msubSRdvCw
  58. Quba Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located in the village of Xetarê in Duhok Governorate.[63]According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
  59. Quba Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): A Nîşangeh built in the shape of a small Qub located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate.[64]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  60. Quba Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located in the village of Miqibla Mezin near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[65]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
  61. Quba Melik Nasirdîn: Located in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[66]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  62. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located near the village of Bêban in Duhok Governorate.[67]ايزيدي ميديا ​​: Ezidi Media. (2020, October 1). رێ و رەسمێن نووژەنکرنا قوبا ( شێخ حەسەن ) ل دەڤەرا بێبانێ و شێخکا سەرب … Continue reading
  63. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the village of Babîra in Duhok Governorate.[68]According to local religious experts and Micêwirs of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/1HGquG75fdo?si=nNQafkQctNIv32ZU
  64. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the village of Mişirfê near Babîra in Duhok Governorate.[69]Ibid
  65. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh.[70]Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
  66. Quba Melik Şêxisin (Şêx Hesen): Located on the hilltop of Girê Şêx Mehmûd in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[71]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 20-21
  67. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[72]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  68. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[73]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  69. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located near the village of Gabara south of Şingal mountain.[74]ايزيدي ٢٤ :: Ezidi 24. (2021, May 7). افتتاح مزار شيخ حسن من قبل مبادرة نادية [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27jKj8ey9fU
  70. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in Heseniyê near the town of Baedrê, Duhok Governorate. This shrine was originally a Nîşangeh and was recently reconstructed as a Qub.[75]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  71. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the town of Başîqa, Nineveh Governorate.[76]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  72. Quba Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located near the village of Bazîwanê in Batman province.[77]Tolan, Kemal (2021a). “Nasandina Kevneşopên Êzdiyatiyê I” pp. 86-93 (We are grateful to Kemal Tolan for pointing us towards his work and providing us with much needed additional … Continue reading
  73. Quba Memê Êsiya: Located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar and has a graveyard.[78]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  74. Quba Mêrava: Located in the village of Bacin in the Midyat district of Mêrdîn province.[79]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, p. 94
  75. Quba Mêrê Bendikê: Located in the village of Çinêriya in Batman province.[80]Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
  76. Quba Mêrê Dîwanê: Located near the village of Aknalich in Armenia.[81]World’s largest Ezidi temple to be build in Armenia (2016, July 27)
  77. Quba Mîr Amadînê Şemsa: Located in the Dirêcê area south of Şingal mountain.[82]Yazda. (2023b, July 20). Jwankirna Amadeen – Renovation of Amadeen Dome | Episode 12 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32EPKRv_Wnk
  78. Quba Mîr Amadînê Şemsa: Located in the village of Sirêçka in Duhok Governorate.[83]According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
  79. Quba Pîr Afat: Located in the village of Nifêriyê in Duhok Governorate.[84]Fan Media K. (2024, August 17). Bername | Cih U Waar | xeleka (6) | (Nfêriya ) | بەرنامێ (جهـ و وار ) | خەلەکا (٦) | گوندێ (نفێریە) [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  80. Quba Pîr Afat/Axîkên Pîroz: Located in the cemetery of the village of Kiwex in Şirnak province.[85]Lalish TV. (2022d, November 16). Ware kal u bava – Kiwax [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azorR6Wz3tc
  81. Quba Pîr Bûb: Located in the village of Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate. Behind the Qub is the tomb of Pîr Sînî Behrî, who was the father of Pîr Bûb.[86]Dimitri Pirbari, Nodar Mossaki & Mirza Sileman Yezdin (2020) A Yezidi Manuscript:—Mišūr of P’īr Sīnī Bahrī/P’īr Sīnī Dārānī, Its Study and Critical Analysis, Iranian Studies, … Continue reading
  82. Quba Pîr Dawid: Located in the village of Mamreşa near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. This was originally a Nîşangeh and was reconstructed as a Qub in 2019.[87]Pîr Xelat Îlyas, a local religious scholar and Micêwir, posted about this shrine when its reconstruction as a Qub was being concluded. Post link: … Continue reading[88]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 58
  83. Quba Pîr Emer Qubeysî (Emer Qapçî): Located in the village of Emer Qapçî near the towns of Başîqa and Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate. Although this village, previously fully inhabited by Ezidis, was forcefully converted to Islam, this Qub was not abandoned, remaining and being maintained by Ezidis until very recently with plans to restore its deteriorating and collapsing dome. Unfortunately, due to the tragic events of 2014, this Qub is as of now completely demolished.[89]Pirbari, D. V., & Mossaki, N. Z. (2022). A Yezidi Manuscript – Mišūr of Pir Amar Qubaysi, its study and critical analysis. Arabistika Evrazii, 5(3), 66–87. … Continue reading[90]”Şîxadî” (2016) by Kovara Navenda Lêkolînên Êzdinasiyê, published by Dengê Êzîdîyan Oldenburg, p. 87
  84. Quba Pîr Gavanê Zerza: Located in the village of Sirêçka in Duhok Governorate.[91]According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
  85. Quba Pîr Gavanê Zerza: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[92]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  86. Quba Pîr Gavanê Zerza: Located in the village of Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[93]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  87. Quba Pîr Haciyal: Located on the northern slopes of Şingal mountain. Also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[94]Yazidi News ايزيدي نيوز. (2023, September 30). الحلقة الثانية من برنامج طواف: مزار هاجالي، شمال جبل سنجار. [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  88. Quba Pîr Haciyal: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[95]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  89. Quba Pîr Hecî Receb ê Bêrîstekî: Located in the village of Bêrîstek in Duhok Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[96]Field study in the spring of 2024
  90. Quba Pîr Hesin Elka: Located in the village of Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate.[97]Maisel, Sebastian, “Rebuilding the unimagined past: Êzidî religious architecture and the reconfiguration of sacred space” Lalish Magazine 45, Duhok, 2021. p. 12
  91. Quba Pîr Hesin Meman: Located near the city of Şingal. Newly built in 2022.[98]Çira TV. (2022b, May 2). ŞENGAL | Yekîneyên Berxwedana Şengalê YBŞ’ê Quba Pîrê Hesin Maman ava kir [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaqhiTIfTsY
  92. Quba Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located on the south-eastern slopes of the Şingal mountain, overlooking the city of Şingal from north.[99]Interview on Kurdistan TV with Mam Fexir, an Ezidi religious expert from Şingal. Video link: https://youtu.be/GUNE8ptPcuo?si=R9VTRIttpxCwzERh
  93. Quba Pîr Mend: Located in the village of Cerehiyê in Duhok Governorate.[100]Maisel, Sebastian, 2021, p. 13
  94. Quba Pîr Xetî Pisî: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[101]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  95. Quba Pîrê Ewra: Located on the north-eastern foot of Shingal mountain, near the village of Zêrwa. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as Mezar.[102]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104, 197
  96. Quba Pîrê Xoşaba: Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[103]Field study in the spring of 2024
  97. Quba Pîrê Zirav: Located in the village of Çinêriya in Batman province.[104]Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
  98. Quba Seîd û Mesûd: Located in the village of Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[105]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  99. Quba Sicadîn: Located in the village of Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[106]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  100. Quba Sicadîn: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[107]Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
  101. Quba Siwarê Gêdûkê: Located on the western slopes of Şingal mountain overlooking the village of Bara. Also has a graveyard.[108]Çira TV. (2022, April 25). Qube û Dîrok  |  Siwarê Gêdûkê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2N3c4Qo8x0
  102. Quba Sitiya Ês: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[109]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  103. Quba Sitiya Hebîb: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[110]Ibid
  104. Quba Sitiya Hebîb: Located in the village of Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate.[111]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
  105. Quba Sitiya Hebîb: Located on a hill in the centre of the twin villages of Başîqa and Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[112]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  106. Quba Sitiya Xecicî: Located on a hill in the centre of the twin villages of Başîqa and Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[113]Ibid
  107. Quba Şahsiwar: Located in the village of Bêban in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[114]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 162
  108. Quba Şerfedîn: Located in the town of Başîqa, Nineveh Governorate.[115]Kurdistan24 Production. (2019a, June 9). مەزارگەکانی ئێزیدی لە باشیک [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03nKABBfk2Q
  109. Quba Şexsê Batê: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[116]Ibid. p. 178
  110. Quba Şexsê Batê: Located in the village of Xetarê in Duhok Governorate.[117]According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
  111. Quba Şexsê Batê: A seven-domed building located in the village of Babîra in Duhok Governorate. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Zêw or a Mezar. [118]According to the Babê Gavan on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/Zyv1MEEOCmw?si=s7_SMbHogFSavYDx
  112. Quba Şexsê Serêkundî: Located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh.[119]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  113. Quba Şêbil Qasim: Located east of Kursi village on the northern slopes of Şingal mountain. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[120]Şêbilqasim: Deriyê Pêkanîna hêviyan (2023, September 29)
  114. Quba Şêx Alê Şemsa: Located on a hilltop in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[121]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 181
  115. Quba Şêx Babadînê Şemsa: Located in the village of Babîra in Duhok Governorate.[122]According to local religious experts and Micêwirs of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/1HGquG75fdo?si=nNQafkQctNIv32ZU
  116. Quba Şêx Babikê Şemsa: Located in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh.[123]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  117. Quba Şêx Babikê Şemsa: Located in the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate.[124]Rashid International (2019) “Destroying the Soul of the Yazidis: Cultural Heritage Destruction during the Islamic State’s Genocide against the Yazidis” pp. 102-103
  118. Quba Şêx Badir (Derwêş Adem): Located in the village of Sirêçka in Duhok Governorate. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar and has a graveyard. [125]According to Sirêçka’s Micêwir on Sema TV and Çira TV
  119. Quba Şêx Bazîd: Located in the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate[126]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 103
  120. Quba Şêx Bazîd: Located in the village of Miqibla Piçûk, near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[127]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 53
  121. Quba Şêx Berekat: Located in the village of Ûsiva north of the Şingal mountain.[128]Çira TV. (2022a, January 3). Qube û Dîrok  |  Şêx Berekat [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0n_uYPRdTM
  122. Quba Şêx Birayimê Xetimî: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[129]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  123. Quba Şêx Ebdilezîz: Located in the town of Başîqa, Nineveh Governorate.[130]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  124. Quba Şêx Ebdilqadirê Rehmanî: Located in the village of Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[131]Ibid
  125. Quba Şêx Hentûş: Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[132]Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
  126. Quba Şêx Mehmûd: Located on the hilltop of Girê Şêx Mehmûd in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[133]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 20-21
  127. Quba Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[134]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  128. Quba Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[135]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  129. Quba Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[136]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
  130. Quba Şêx Mend: Located on a high spot near the village of Nisêriyê in Duhok Governorate.[137]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 106
  131. Quba Şêx Mend: Located in the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[138]Ibid. p. 103
  132. Quba Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Kebertû near Xankê in Duhok Governorate. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[139]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  133. Quba Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Cedalê south of Şingal mountain. Also has a graveyard. [140]Yazidi News ايزيدي نيوز. (2021, April 6). إعادة بناء مزار شيخ مند في قرية جدالي جنوب جبل سنجار من قبل مبادرة نادية مراد … Continue reading
  134. Quba Şêx Mihemedê Batinî/Xoristanî: Located on a hill in the centre of the twin villages of Başîqa and Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[141]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  135. Quba Şêx Mihemedê Batinî/Xoristanî: Located in the village of Doxata in Duhok Governorate.[142]بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ  دۆغاتا (Sema TV) [Video]. YouTube. Official link not available anymore (Accessed on 2019-05-25)
  136. Quba Şêx Mûsê Enzelî: One of the six Qubs located in Laliş.[143]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
  137. Quba Şêx Nasirdîn: Located in the village of Şimzê in Batman province. Also has a graveyard. [144]Lalish TV. (2022, September 21). Ware Kal u bava Batman gunde Shmze [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYw5PzCDF8M
  138. Quba Şêx Neder: Located between the villages of Sirêçka and Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate.[145]According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
  139. Quba Şêx Şems: One of the six Qubs located in Laliş.[146]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
  140. Quba Şêx Şems: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[147]مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
  141. Quba Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[148]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  142. Quba Şêx Şems: Located on a hill at the village of Girêpanê near Şarya town in Duhok Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[149]مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
  143. Quba Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate. The Nîşangeh of Sexrî Cin is attached to the building.[150]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  144. Quba Şêx Şems: Located near the village of Cifêriyê north of Şingal mountain. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[151]Lalish TV. (2021, July 28). Welate kal u bava – Kuba Sheshms ,Gunde Zorava [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qh3siMO-C5g
  145. Quba Şêx Şems: Located between the village of Ûsiva and Bekira north of the Şingal mountain. Also has a large graveyard where the Ciwana tribe bury their dead.[152]مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
  146. Quba Şêx Xidirê Şemsa: Located in the village of Şêx Xidirê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh.[153]Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
  147. Quba Şêx Zêndîn: Located in the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[154]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  148. Quba Şêxê Mixfî: In the village of Cagana, near Babîra in Duhok Governorate.[155]According to local religious experts and Micêwirs of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/1HGquG75fdo?si=nNQafkQctNIv32ZU
  149. Quba Şêxê Zerî: Located in the village of Sirêçka in Duhok Governorate. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[156]Called a Mezar by Sirêçka’s Micêwir on Sema TV and a Qub by one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV.
  150. Quba Şêxûbekir: Located west of Bahzan village in Nineveh Governorate.[157]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  151. Quba Şêxûbekir: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[158]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  152. Quba Şêxûbekir: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[159]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  153. Quba Şêxûbekir: Located in the village of Riya Teze in the province of Aragatsotn in Armenia.[160]Ezidxan TV Official. (2022, October 26). Quba Şêxûbek’ir li gundê Rîya T’eze [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffpld6K9Mvg
  154. Quba Şîxadî: Located in the cemetery of the village of Kiwex in Şirnak province.[161]Lalish TV. (2022d, November 16). Ware kal u bava – Kiwax [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azorR6Wz3tc
  155. Quba Şîxadî: Located in the village of Kulka on Şingal mountain. This Qub is adjoined to a large rock from which the sacred spring of Pîraxayê flows.[162]Çira TV. (2022b, April 13). Çand  û  Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cty_G9aEezc
  156. Quba Şîxadî: One of the six Qubs located in Laliş.[163]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
  157. Quba Xatûna Fexra: Located north of the village of Sirêçka in Duhok Governorate.[164]According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
  158. Quba Xatûna Fexra: Situated along the north-western slopes of Şingal mountain. Also has a graveyard.[165]Quba Xatûna Fexran piştî çend salan dê bê nûkirin.
  159. Quba Xatûna Fexra: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[166]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  160. Quba Xatûna Fexra: Located in the cemetery of the village of Kiwex in Şirnak province.[167]Lalish TV. (2022d, November 16). Ware kal u bava – Kiwax [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azorR6Wz3tc
  161. Quba Xefûrê Rêya (Şêx Mişeleh): Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[168]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
  162. Quba Xefûrê Rêya (Şêx Mişeleh): Located in the village of Bahzan, Nineveh Governorate.[169]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  163. Quba Xefûrê Rêya (Şêx Mişeleh): One of the six Qubs located in Laliş.[170]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
  164. Quba Xefûrê Rêya (Şêx Mişeleh): Located between the town of Baedrê and the sanctuary of Laliş.[171]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  165. Quba Xidir Îlyas: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[172]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 178
  166. Quba Xidir Îlyas: Located in the village of Kersafa in Duhok Governorate. This shrine was originally a Nîşangeh and was recently reconstructed as a Qub. It is also sometimes labelled as a Mezar.[173]Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
  167. Quba Xirza Rehman: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[174]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ

Nîşangeh/Nîşan

Perhaps the most common and numerous type of Ezidi shrines, the term Nîşangeh translates literally to “Place of a Sign (of holy being)” and serves as a sacred religious monument representing the holy figure it is named after. Typically, Nîşangehs take the form of a small Qub, a stack of stones bound with lime, as well as a niche in a small structure or on the wall of a sacred building where a candle (‘çira’) is lit, although occasionally a tree, rock, cave, or spring may also be designated as a Nîşangeh. Comparable to Qubs and Mezars, people visit Nîşangehs for blessings on regular and religious occasions, removing their shoes before entering the sacred grounds. It is considered sinful to defile the site, as it is a sacred ground that must be respected and kept clean at all times.[175]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202

  1. Nîşangeha Baba Guşguş: A pond located between Celsa Şîxadî and the shrine of Xefûrê Rêya in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[176]Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc
  2. Nîşangeha Babê Çawîşê Se’detê: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê. This shrine was reconstructed as a Qub in 1985.[177]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  3. Nîşangeha Babê Çawîşê Şîxadî: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê. The shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Qub.[178]Ibid
  4. Nîşangeha Babê Hûrka: Located in the village of Sîna near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[179]Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc
  5. Nîşangeha Babê Îso: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[180]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  6. Nîşangeha Babê Reşê (Pîr Reşan): Located near Aqida Pîr Mehmed Reşan in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. Also has an ancient graveyard.[181]Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc
  7. Nîşangeha Babê Reşê (Pîr Reşan): Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[182]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  8. Nîşangeha Babê Şehîd: Located near Quba Melekê Mêran in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[183]Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc Also sometimes labelled as a Qub.
  9. Nîşangeha Bahlûlê Dêwana: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[184]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 81
  10. Nîşangeha Bevê Heqiyê: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[185]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  11. Nîşangeha Çilmêran: Located in the village of Pêda situated 45 km north-east of the city of Duhok. Also sometimes called a Mezargeh. The village is now islamized and inhabited by Muslim Kurds, however, the ruins of this shrine and remnants of its graveyard can still be found.[186]Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/9xhn5yeLDWuKgGHy/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)
  12. Nîşangeha Dawidê bin Derman: Located near Kanîya Keçika in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[187]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 90
  13. Nîşangeha Dayika Çak: Located 200 metres away from the main building of Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district. Built in the shape of a small Qub.[188]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  14. Nîşangeha Dayika Çak: Located in the village of Miqibla Mezin near the town of Mehetê.[189]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
  15. Nîşangeha Dayika Çak: Located in the village of Miqibla Piçûk near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[190]Ibid. p. 53
  16. Nîşangeha Dayika Çak: Located in the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[191]Ibid. p. 55
  17. Nîşangeha Dayika Çak: Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[192]Ibid. p. 75
  18. Nîşangeha Dayika Dara Qot: Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[193]Ibid. p. 14
  19. Nîşangeha Derwêş Adem: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[194]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 91
  20. Nîşangeha Evdal Omera: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate. Recently reconstructed as a Qub.[195]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 392[196]Field study in the spring of 2024
  21. Nîşangeha Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate. Recently reconstructed as a Qub.[197]Ibid[198]Field study in the spring of 2024
  22. Nîşangeha Evdê Reş: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[199]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  23. Nîşangeha Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[200]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  24. Nîşangeha Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[201]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 14
  25. Nîşangeha Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[202]Ibid. p. 69
  26. Nîşangeha Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate.[203]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
  27. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate.[204]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  28. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located behind the hill in the village of Cerehiyê in Duhok Governorate. Also has a graveyard for infants who passed away before reaching one year of age.[205]Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
  29. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located in the village of Nifêriyê in Duhok Governorate.[206]Fan Media K. (2024, August 17). Bername | Cih U Waar | xeleka (6) | (Nfêriya ) | بەرنامێ (جهـ و وار ) | خەلەکا (٦) | گوندێ (نفێریە) [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  30. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located in the cemetery of the village of Şêx Xidirê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[207]Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
  31. Nîşangeha Êzî: A small Qub located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate.[208]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  32. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located in the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[209]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 55
  33. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[210]Ibid. p. 69
  34. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[211]Ibid. p. 75
  35. Nîşangeha Êzî: Located in the town of Mehetê, Duhok Governorate.[212]Ibid. p. 89
  36. Nîşangeha Fexrê Kiçik: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[213]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  37. Nîşangeha Guharzer û Zerguhar: Located in Celsa Şîxadî in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[214]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 67
  38. Nîşangeha Hecî Mehmed: Located inside Mixara Şerfedîn in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[215]Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  39. Nîşangeha Hekîm Fêris: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[216]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  40. Nîşangeha Hecî Şêx: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[217]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  41. Nîşangeha Her Heft Siwarên Mala Adiya: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[218]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 77
  42. Nîşangeha Hesin Dena: Located under Quba Şîxadî and Quba Şêx Mûsê Enzelî in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[219]Ibid. p. 36
  43. Nîşangeha Kerecal: Located inside the Qub of Şêx Xidirê Şemsa in the village of Şêx Xidirê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[220]Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
  44. Nîşangeha Kerecal: Located on Sîna mountain near the village of Sîna near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Mezar. [221]Waar Media. (2023a, May 3). Kinyat – Tewafa Kerejal | كنیات -تەوافا كەرەجال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Apuof_ZSUAg
  45. Nîşangeha Kerecal: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[222]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  46. Nîşangeha Kam: Located on Gir Mibarik near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[223]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 73
  47. Nîşangeha Kitika: Located 4-5 metres from Nîşangeha Babê Reşê in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[224]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  48. Nîşangeha Kîja bi Kenîş: Located on Gir Mibarik near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[225]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 73
  49. Nîşangeha Koçek Birhîm: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[226]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 392
  50. Nîşangeha Koçek Birhîm: Located in the village of Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate.[227]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
  51. Nîşangeha Kurê Riwal: Between the villages of Xoşaba and Nifêriyê in Duhok Governorate. Originally a Nîşangeh, this shrine was reconstructed as a Qub recently.[228]Ibid
  52. Nîşangeha Mam Xinuq: Located 1 km west of Mezargehê Şerfedîn on the northern slopes of Şingal mountain.[229]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
  53. Nîşangeha Mecirmafa: Located on Zawa mountain south of the city of Duhok and north of the village of Zawa. Located 1 km away from the abandoned village of Reyisa.[230]Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, “Tewafêt Êzidiye Li Devera Qaiydiya: Pişka Êkê” Lalish Magazine 27, Duhok, December 2007. pp. 46-62
  54. Nîşangeha Melek Zeyn: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[231]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
  55. Nîşangeha Melekê Mêran: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[232]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  56. Nîşangeha Melekê Mêran: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[233]According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
  57. Nîşangeha Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[234]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  58. Nîşangeha Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located in the village of Kersafa in Duhok Governorate.[235]Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
  59. Nîşangeha Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): A small Qub located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate.[236]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  60. Nîşangeha Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located near Quba Melik Şêxsin in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[237]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  61. Nîşangeha Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located in the village of Miqibla Mezin near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[238]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
  62. Nîşangeha Melik Fexredîn (Şêx Fexir/Fexredîn): Located in the village of Miqibla Piçûk near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[239]Ibid. p. 53
  63. Nîşangeha Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located next to Dergehê Mîr in Laliş Sanctuary in Duhok Governorate.[240]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 58
  64. Nîşangeha Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[241]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 13
  65. Nîşangeha Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the village of Mamreşa near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[242]Ibid. p. 58
  66. Nîşangeha Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[243]Ibid. p. 69
  67. Nîşangeha Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[244]Ibid. p. 81
  68. Nîşangeha Mîr Amadînê Şemsa: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[245]Ibid. p. 80
  69. Nîşangeha Mîr Birahîm: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[246]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  70. Nîşangeha Mîr Gembûr: Situated on a hilltop in the village of Cerehiyê in Duhok Governorate.[247]Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
  71. Nîşangeha Omer Menda: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[248]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 80
  72. Nîşangeha Pîr Afat: Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[249]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 14
  73. Nîşangeha Pîr Afat: Located in the town of Mehetê, Duhok Governorate.[250]Ibid. p. 89
  74. Nîşangeha Pîr Afat: Located in the village of Girêpanê near Şarya town.[251]Lalish TV. (2021c, October 20). Welate kal u bava – komalga Sharia [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpPRSMS9ses
  75. Nîşangeha Pîr Bakoz: Located on a hilltop in the village of Xerşeniya near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[252]Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
  76. Nîşangeha Pîr Bil/Pîrê Bilik: Located near Aqida Melik Şêxsin and Kanîya Spî in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[253]Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
  77. Nîşangeha Pîr Bil/Pîrê Bilik: Located in the subdistrict of Batifa in the district of Zakho, Duhok Governorate.[254]Ibid
  78. Nîşangeha Pîr Biwal ê Sêderî: Located near Kanîya Spî and Aqida Êzdîna Mîr in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[255]Çira TV. (2022h, July 23). 21.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DezfAlWtDlQ
  79. Nîşangeha Pîr Biwal ê Sêderî: Located in the sanctuary of Mehdera Boza in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[256]Ibid
  80. Nîşangeha Pîr Bûk/Binûk: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[257]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  81. Nîşangeha Pîr Bûk/Binûk: Located near Şêx Mend shrine in the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate.[258]Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
  82. Nîşangeha Pîr Bûtar: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[259]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
  83. Nîşangeha Pîr Ebdilrehman: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[260]Lalish TV. (2021d, December 30). Welate kal u bava -Komelgeha Xanke [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rkkr-J0yqlQ
  84. Nîşangeha Pîr Gavanê Zerza: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[261]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
  85. Nîşangeha Pîr Gavanê Zerza: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[262]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  86. Nîşangeha Pîr Gavanê Zerza: Located in the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[263]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 55
  87. Nîşangeha Pîr Haciyal: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[264]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 40-41
  88. Nîşangeha Pîr Haciyal: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[265]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  89. Nîşangeha Pîr Hecî Receb ê Bêrîstekî: Located in the village of Bêrîstek in Duhok Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[266]Field study in the spring of 2024
  90. Nîşangeha Pîr Hesin Meman: Located in Zêwa Pîrê Cerwa near the village of Cerwana in Duhok Governorate.[267]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
  91. Nîşangeha Pîr Hesin Meman: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[268]Ibid. p. 81
  92. Nîşangeha Pîr Hesin Meman: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[269]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  93. Nîşangeha Pîr Hesin Meman: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[270]پیر خەلات ئەلیاس, “دارێن پیرۆز د ئێزدیاتیێ دا” (Pîr Xelat Eliyas, “Darên Pîroz di Êzdiyatiyê da”) Lalish Magazine 51, Duhok, Winter 2024. pp. … Continue reading
  94. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located on the hilltop of Girê Şêx Qilîç in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[271]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 13, 20
  95. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located in the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[272]Ibid. p. 55
  96. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located in the village of Mamreşa near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[273]Ibid. p. 58
  97. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[274]Ibid. p. 66
  98. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[275]Ibid. p. 75
  99. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located in the town of Mehetê, Duhok Governorate.[276]Ibid. p. 89
  100. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located near Quba Melik Şêxsin in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[277]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  101. Nîşangeha Pîr Mehmedê Reben: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate. Is built in the shape of a Qub.[278]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  102. Nîşangeha Pîr Memê Şivan: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[279]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 130
  103. Nîşangeha Pîr Memê Şivan: Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[280]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 75
  104. Nîşangeha Pîr Memê Şivan: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[281]Ibid. p. 81
  105. Nîşangeha Pîr Mend: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[282]Ibid, p. 172
  106. Nîşangeha Pîr Mend: Located next to Dergehê Mîr in the sanctuary of Laliş. This Nîşangeh was recently reconstructed in the shape of a small Qub.[283]Ibid. p. 30
  107. Nîşangeha Pîr Qedîbilban ê Mûsilî: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[284]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  108. Nîşangeha Pîr Reşan: Located in the village of Mamreşa near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[285]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 58
  109. Nîşangeha Pîrê Alî: A sacred oak tree located east of the village of Teftiya in Duhok Governorate. People visit this shrine for healing illnesses related to the mouth, the tongue and the throat.[286]Kurdistan TV. (2023, September 13). سەما..د ئێزدیاتیێ دا پاقژی ژ ئیمانێ یە [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_IbRuzmg_U
  110. Nîşangeha Pîrê Balûk: Located between the Zêws of Pîr Mehmed Reşan, Pîrê Cerwa and Pîr Afat in Duhok Governorate.[287]Pîr Xelat Îlyas, a local religious scholar and Micêwir, posted about this Nîşangeh when it was being renovated. Post link: https://fb.watch/pcnNP0o7_O/.
  111. Nîşangeha Pîrê Balûk: Located in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[288]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 66
  112. Nîşangeha Pîrê Cerwa (Pîr Cerwan): Located 3-4 metres away from Nîşangeha Şîxadî in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb mountain north of Mosul and south-east of the Şêxan district.[289]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  113. Nîşangeha Pîrê Cerwa (Pîr Cerwan): Located in the sanctuary of Mehdera Boza in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[290]Çira TV. (2022h, July 30). 28.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqaKaiT-lmE
  114. Nîşangeha Pîrê Cerwa (Pîr Cerwan): Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[291]Ibid
  115. Nîşangeha Pîrê Cerwa (Pîr Cerwan): Was located in Zêwa Pîr Omerxala û Pîr Hesin Çinarî in the village of Çinêriya in Batman province but has disappeared now due to abandonment of the Zêw.[292]Ibid
  116. Nîşangeha Pîrê Cerwa (Pîr Cerwan): Located in Zêwa Pîrê Cerwa near the village of Cerwana in Duhok Governorate.[293]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
  117. Nîşangeha Pîrê Kemal: Located next to Deriyê Qapiyê in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[294]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 26
  118. Nîşangeha Pîrê û Heft Kurên Pîrê: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[295]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  119. Nîşangeha Qelenderîn: Located near Quba Melik Şêxsin in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[296]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  120. Nîşangeha Rojavayê: Located inside Mixara Şerfedîn in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[297]Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  121. Nîşangeha Rojhelatê: Located inside Mixara Şerfedîn in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[298]Ibid
  122. Nîşangeha Sicadîn: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[299]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 392
  123. Nîşangeha Sicadîn: A sacred reed located in the village of Zeyiniya in Duhok Governorate.[300]Kurdistan TV. (2023a, January 18). بەرنامەی سەما .. سالڤەگەرا ئێکێ یا وەغەرکرنا شێخ شامو [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu5s5BpsVZc
  124. Nîşangeha Sitîya Ês: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[301]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 86
  125. Nîşangeha Sitîya Tawis: Located on Girê Şêx Alê Şemsa in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[302]Field study in the spring of 2024
  126. Nîşangeha Sexrî Cin: Located in the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate. Attached to the Qub of Şêx Şems.[303]sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
  127. Nîşangeha Sexrî Cin: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[304]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 81
  128. Nîşangeha Seydil Kewn: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[305]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 78
  129. Nîşangeha Sorik û Xurika: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[306]Ibid. p. 79
  130. Nîşangeha Sura Muxfî: Located in Zêwa Pîrê Cerwa near the village of Cerwana in Duhok Governorate.[307]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
  131. Nîşangeha Şehîd: Located near Quba Melekê Mêran in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate. Also sometimes labelled as a Nîşangeh.[308]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  132. Nîşangeha Şems û Fexir: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[309]Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
  133. Nîşangeha Şerfedîn: Located inside Mixara Şerfedîn in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[310]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 66
  134. Nîşangeha Şexsê Batê: Located in the village of Kersafa in Duhok Governorate.[311]Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
  135. Nîşangeha Şexsê Batê: Located on the hilltop of Girê Şêx Qilîç in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[312]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 14, 20
  136. Nîşangeha Şexsê Serêkundî: Located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Qub.[313]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  137. Nîşangeha Şexsê Zeyna: A sacred reed located in the village of Zeyiniya in Duhok Governorate.[314]Kurdistan TV. (2023a, January 18). بەرنامەی سەما .. سالڤەگەرا ئێکێ یا وەغەرکرنا شێخ شامو [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu5s5BpsVZc
  138. Nîşangeha Şêxûbekir: Located in front of the main building of Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[315]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  139. Nîşangeha Şêxûbekir: Located in the village of Kaniyê/Dola Hijîrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[316]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 48
  140. Nîşangeha Şêxûbekir: Located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[317]Ibid. p. 69
  141. Nîşangeha Şêxûbekir: Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[318]Ibid. p. 75
  142. Nîşangeha Şêx Alê Şemsa: Located inside the Qub of Şêx Xidirê Şemsa in the village of Şêx Xidirê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[319]Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
  143. Nîşangeha Şêx Alê Şemsa: Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[320]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 412
  144. Nîşangeha Şêx Babadînê Şemsa: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[321]Ibid. pp. 40-41
  145. Nîşangeha Şêx Babikê Şemsa: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[322]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 80
  146. Nîşangeha Şêx Babikê Şemsa: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate. Is built in the shape of a Qub.[323]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  147. Nîşangeha Şêx Bazîd: Located in the village of Miqibla Mezin near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[324]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
  148. Nîşangeha Şêx Bazîd: Located in the village of Miqibla Piçûk near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[325]Ibid. p. 53
  149. Nîşangeha Şêx Bazîd: Located on Gir Mibarik near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[326]Ibid. p. 73
  150. Nîşangeha Şêx Boza: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[327]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  151. Nîşangeha Şêx Ebdilezîz: Located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[328]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 69
  152. Nîşangeha Şêx Ebrûs: Located on the hilltop Girê Bêtnarê (Hill of Bêtnar) in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[329]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 64
  153. Nîşangeha Şêx Enzerût: Located near the village of Xerşeniya on Daka mountain near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[330]Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2007, pp. 46-62
  154. Nîşangeha Şêx Gembûr: Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[331]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
  155. Nîşangeha Şêx Hesen Deqîq: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[332]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  156. Nîşangeha Şêx Hesen Deqîq: Located west of the Şingal mountain.[333]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 419
  157. Nîşangeha Şêx Mehmedê Batinî: Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[334]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 75
  158. Nîşangeha Şêx Mehmûd: Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[335]Ibid. p. 13
  159. Nîşangeha Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[336]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  160. Nîşangeha Şêx Mend: Located in Zêwa Pîrê Cerwa in the village of Cerwana in Duhok Governorate.[337]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
  161. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[338]Ibid. p. 80
  162. Nîşangeha Şêx Mûs: Located in the village of Miqibla Mezin near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[339]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
  163. Nîşangeha Şêx Mûs: Located in the village of Miqibla Piçûk near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[340]Ibid. p. 53
  164. Nîşangeha Şêx Mûsê Sor: Located in the village of Kersafa in Duhok Governorate.[341]Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
  165. Nîşangeha Şêx Mûsê Sor: Located near the village of Sirêçka in Duhok Governorate.[342]According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
  166. Nîşangeha Şêx Nasirdîn: Located near Quba Melik Şêxsin in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[343]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  167. Nîşangeha Şêx Nasirdîn: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[344]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  168. Nîşangeha Şêx Qilîç: Located on the hilltop of Girê Şêx Qilîç in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[345]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 13, 20
  169. Nîşangeha Şêx Sicadîn: Located near Quba Melik Şêxsin in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[346]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  170. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located near Quba Melik Şêxsin in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[347]Ibid
  171. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[348]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 122
  172. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Miqibla Mezin near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[349]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
  173. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Miqibla Piçûk near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[350]Ibid. p. 53
  174. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[351]Ibid. p. 55
  175. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Mamreşa near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[352]Ibid. p. 58
  176. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[353]Ibid. p. 75
  177. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate.[354]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  178. Nîşangeha Şêx Şems: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[355]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 80
  179. Nîşangeha Şêx Xidirê Şemsa: Located in the village of Şêx Xidirê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. This shrine is also sometimes labelled as a Qub.[356]Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
  180. Nîşangeha Şêxê bi Kezî: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[357]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  181. Nîşangeha Şêxê Zerî: Located next to a holy pond called Kanîya Şêxê Zerî in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. People come to this pond seeking remedy and safeguarding against Nezer (‘Evil Eye’).[358]According to local Micêwirs in an interview with Kurdistan24.  Video: https://youtu.be/gfqzUn1fFEM?si=0uXWhqD1c0hzztac
  182. Nîşangeha Şêxê Zerî: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[359]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  183. Nîşangeha Şilê Leyila: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[360]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  184. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located next to Nîşangeha Dayika Çak at Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[361]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  185. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located on the hilltop of Girê Şêx Qilîç in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[362]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 13, 20
  186. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located in the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[363]Ibid. p. 55
  187. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located in the village of Mamreşa near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[364]Ibid. p. 58
  188. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[365]Ibid. p. 75
  189. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located in the town of Mehetê, Duhok Governorate.[366]Ibid. p. 89
  190. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[367]Lalish TV. (2021d, December 30). Welate kal u bava -Komelgeha Xanke [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rkkr-J0yqlQ
  191. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: On a hilltop in the village of Cerehiyê in Duhok Governorate.[368]Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
  192. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located near Quba Melekê Mêran in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[369]sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
  193. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located in the village of Kendal near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[370]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 77
  194. Nîşangeha Şîxadî: Located next to Dergehê Mîr in Laliş Sanctuary in Duhok Governorate.[371]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 58
  195. Nîşangeha Tawûsî Melek: Located in Zêwa Pîrê Cerwa in the village of Cerwana in Duhok Governorate.[372]Çira TV. (2022h, July 30). 28.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqaKaiT-lmE
  196. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[373]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  197. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: On a hilltop in the village of Cerehiyê in Duhok Governorate.[374]Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
  198. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[375]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  199. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate. Is built in the shape of a Qub.[376]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  200. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: Located inside the Qub of Şêx Xidirê Şemsa in the village of Şêx Xidirê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[377]Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
  201. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: Located in the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate.[378]Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
  202. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[379]DASIN media. (2022, August 31). تاريخ قرية محمودا مع بير خلات بير الياس. Retrieved December 28, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/share/v/e4x1675HALY2rQLR/
  203. Nîşangeha Xatûna Fexra: Located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[380]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 69
  204. Nîşangeha Xefûrê Rêya (Şêx Mişeleh): Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[381]Ibid. p. 75
  205. Nîşangeha Xefûrê Rêya (Şêx Mişeleh): Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[382]Ibid. p. 81
  206. Nîşangeha Xetxûn: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[383]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 178
  207. Nîşangeha Xidir Îlyas (Xidir Liyas): Located on the Gir Xas hill 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[384]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 75
  208. Nîşangeha Xidir Îlyas (Xidir Liyas): Located in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[385]Field study in the spring of 2024
  209. Nîşangeha Xidir Îlyas (Liyas) û Xidir Nebî: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[386]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  210. Nîşangeha Xidir Nebî: Located outside the yard of Nîşangeha Xidir Îlyas in the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[387]Field study in the spring of 2024
  211. Nîşangeha Zebêniya: Located in Kolana Dina in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[388]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202

Zêw

Zêws rank as the third most sacred Ezidi sanctuaries after Laliş and Mehdera Boza.[389]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29 Pîr Xelat offers two interpretations for the term “Zêw.” One is that it translates to “Pillar” and refers to these sanctuaries as being the pillars of Ezidism, and the other is that it is linked to the phrase “Zêdebûna Keremê” (Increase of Power/Miracle), used to describe a Zêw and emphasize the profound sanctity and abundance of holiness within these sacred sites.[390]Kurdistan TV. (2021, December 22). بەرنامەى سـه مـا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AAflAEyg0 According to Pîr Dima, it is derived from “Zawiya” meaning “corner”, “spiritual school” or referring to a saint’s place of solitude.[391]Pirbari, Dimitri, & Mossaki, Nodar. (2022). A Yezidi Manuscript – Mišūr of Pir Amar Qubaysi, its study and critical analysis. Arabistika Evrazii, 5(3), 66–87. … Continue reading Zêws are normally dedicated to a saintly Pîr, thus, they are also often associated with the Pîr caste. Zêws contain a large number, traditionally 365/366 of religious monuments and objects dedicated to the 365/366 Ezidi holy figures, although in some Zêws, this number has decreased as a lot of these have been lost to wars and genocides.[392]Kurdistan TV. (2021, December 22). بەرنامەى سـه مـا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AAflAEyg0 Similarly to Qubs and Mezars, there are also graveyards, courtyards, holy water, springs, sacred trees, gardens, stones and caves within or in the vicinity of the Zêw.[393]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197 Although according to legend, there are believed to be a total of seven Zêws, we have found mentions of up to 15 different Zêws from different sources.

  1. Zêwa Başîk û Bahzan: Located in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[394]Ibid
  2. Zêwa Cindiya: Believed to have been located somewhere in the Levant.[395]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 93-94
  3. Zêwa Mendê Mal Ava (Zêwa Êsivnê): Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[396]Ibid
  4. Zêwa Mezelê Kekê Ezîz: Located somewhere on Syrian-Turkish border.[397]Ibid
  5. Zêwa Pîr Afat: Located near the village of Kis Qel’e south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[398]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197
  6. Zêwa Pîr Bûtar: Located in the village of Kala Bedrê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. This is not a sanctuary or building, but rather a household containing the sacred objects (‘nîşan’) of Pîr Bûtar.[399]زانیاریان ل دۆر زێوا پیرێ بوتار یا هۆزا(باسیا) بزانە🔻. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2023, from https://fb.watch/p2T1uCWhtJ/[400]ڕێ و رسمێن زێوا کەلابەدرییا ل شاریا بزانە. (n.d.). https://www.facebook.com/sematv.hd/videos/986473705254624/?mibextid=rS40aB7S9Ucbxw6v
  7. Zêwa Pîr Hesin Meman: Located in the Herîr plain of Erbil Governorate.[401]Ibid
  8. Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located on the foot of Meqlub Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district. The shrine is also sometimes called a Mezar or Qub of Mehmed Reşan.[402]Ibid
  9. Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan: Located in the village of Mamşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[403]Ibid[404]Pirbari, Dimitri, & Mossaki, Nodar, 2022
  10. Zêwa Pîr Omerxala û Pîr Hesin Çinarî: Located in the village of Çinêriya in Batman province. Has many other names such as Zêwa Çinêriya, Zêwa Mîra, Zêwa Feqîra, Zêwa Pîran and Zêwa Şêxan.[405]Ibid[406]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, p. 87[407]Omerxalî, Xanna & Xankî, Kovan. (2009) “Metodeka analîza Qewlên Êzdiyan: Li ser mesela qewlê Omer Xala û Hesen Çinêrî.” Avesta Basın Yayın. p. 60[408]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 93-94[409]Waar Media. (2023, September 20). Kinyat – Xeleka 71 | كنیات – خەلەكا ٧١ [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QHAIRcBhlM
  11. Zêwa Pîrê bi Xelat: Located in the territory of the Qayidî tribe which encompasses the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate as well as surrounding villages.[410]Kurdistan TV. (2021, December 22). بەرنامەى سـه مـا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AAflAEyg0
  12. Zêwa Pîrê Cerwa (Pîr Cerwan): Located in the village of Cerwana, 11 km east of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan and north of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[411]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197
  13. Zêwa Pîrê Îsêbiya: Located in village of Bingelî 6 km north of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan and 4 km south-east of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[412]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 162[413]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197
  14. Zêwa Şexsê Batê: Located in the village of Babîra in Duhok Governorate.[414]Ibid
  15. Zêwa Şêx Şems: In Tabriz region, Iran.[415]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 93-94

Ziyaretgeh/Ziyaret

In Ezidi communities across Syria, Turkey, and the Caucasus, the prevalent term for sacred structures is “Ziyaret,” meaning “Place of Pilgrimage.” While this term doesn’t refer to any special and specific type of sacred structure, the shrines among these communities have been listed below as Ziyarets due to limited data on their specific categorization. We have also included the Ziyarets that are sometimes labelled as Qubs to avoid confusion. It is also worth noting that the labeling of some shrines as Qubs among these Ezidi communities has become more common (though not necessarily new) especially as connections between Ezidis in Iraq and those in other countries have grown, leading to the adoption of iconic architectural features from the “Qub” shrines in Iraq.[416]Interview with an Ezidi scholar from Heseke region, conducted online on November 2023.

  1. Ziyareta Amadînan (Amadîn): Located in the village of Memikan in Batman province. The soil from this shrine is used to ward off a variety of calamities and blights afflicting for example crops, livestock, and the fertility of a woman.[417]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  2. Ziyareta Cafil Teyar: Located near the village of Çinêriya in Batman province. People visit this shrine to pray for their wishes to be granted and to seek fortune in matters of romantic relationships.[418]Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
  3. Ziyareta Cafil Teyar: Located between the villages of Sinê and Dêra Hemzo in Batman province.[419]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  4. Ziyareta Çêlxanê/Çilxanê: A sacred cave located on Lêlûn mountain 2 km south of Qibarê village in Aleppo Governorate. This cave is not only highly revered by Ezidis but also the other local religious groups. Infertile women come here to make offerings and pray for a child. Women who don’t have enough milk to feed their babies also come here. Furthermore, the shrine also serves the purpose of its name, as a cave where religious men observing the forty days of fasting in summer and winter go and sit.[420]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, “Êzdî û Êzdiyetî: Li Bakur Rojavaya Sûriyê” pp. 79-91. The book refers to the shrines in the Efrîn region using the term “Pîrozgeh,” however, after … Continue reading[421]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, “Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority” pp. 65-69
  5. Ziyareta Çilxanê Biçûk: Located in the valley of Şêx Sifil in Aleppo Governorate.[422]Ibid
  6. Ziyareta Ebû Ke’bê: Located in the village of Ebû Ke’bê in Aleppo Governorate.[423]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
  7. Ziyareta Girê Seyîd: Located near the villages of Zivingê and Bolindê between the Siirt and Batman provinces.[424]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  8. Ziyareta Hecirka Şêxsin: Located in the village of Hecirê in Batman province.[425]Ibid
  9. Ziyareta Kanîya Nasirdîn: Located near the road between the provinces of Batman and Diyarbakir, situated on a mountain slope.[426]Ibid
  10. Ziyareta Keçika Qadîşkê: Located on Bûzêriya mountain near the village of Meymûniyê.[427]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  11. Ziyareta Mamen Dela: Located near Hasankeyf in Batman province. People suffering from mental illnesses and disorders are brought to this sacred place for healing.[428]Ibid
  12. Ziyareta Melek Adî: Located on Lêlûn mountain 2 km south of Qibarê village in Aleppo Governorate. Locals visit this shrine on Wednesdays hoping to make their wishes come true or to be cured from sickness, infertility or psychological problems.[429]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91[430]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
  13. Ziyareta Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located near the village of Bazîwanê in Batman province. This Ziyaret is labelled as a Qub.[431]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  14. Ziyareta Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located in the valley of Heşîşanê near the village of Sinê in Batman province.[432]Ibid
  15. Ziyareta Mezela Kekê (Also called Ziyareta Şerfedîn): Located in the village of Êrenzê in Batman province.[433]Ibid
  16. Ziyareta Mêrava: Located in the village of Bacin in Mardin province.[434]Tolan, Kemal. (2010). “Girîngiya dîrok û şûnwarên Êzidiyan yên li herêma Hesenkêfê.” Govara Mehfel, 1, 10–24.
  17. Ziyareta Mêrê Bayê: Located near the village of Bîrika Simo in Batman province.[435]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  18. Ziyareta Mêrê Bendikê: Located near the village of Çinêriya in Batman province.[436]Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
  19. Ziyareta Mîrê Bazbûtê: Located near the village of Bazbûtê in Batman province.[437]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  20. Ziyareta Parsê Xatûnê: Located on Parsê mountain near the village of Qestela Elî Cindo in Aleppo Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[438]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91[439]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
  21. Ziyareta Pîr Birîm: Located in the village of Bahçecik in Sur district of Diyarbakir province.[440]Tolan, Kemal (2021b). “Dîroka Êzdiyan a di dokumentan û zargotinê de” p. 97
  22. Ziyareta Pîr Cefer: Located near the village of Meşalê in Aleppo Governorate. Also visited by Druzes and Muslims.[441]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
  23. Ziyareta Pîr Dawid: Located in the village of Dawidiyê in the Çinar district of Diyarbakir province.[442]Tolan, Kemal, 2021b, p. 97
  24. Ziyareta Pîr Seyid/Şêx Seyid: Located in the village of Feqîran near the town of Cindirês in Aleppo Governorate.[443]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91[444]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
  25. Ziyareta Pîr Xetab: Located in Mazidaği district of Mardin province.[445]Tolan, Kemal, 2021b, p. 97
  26. Ziyareta Pîrê Zirav: Located in the village of Çinêriya in Batman province. This shrine is also labelled as a Qub and has a graveyard.[446]Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
  27. Ziyareta Qolîbaba: Located between the villages of Sinê and Sîxura in Batman province.[447]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  28. Ziyareta Qubildor/Qulubdor: Located in the vicinity of Şahsimê and Şimzê villages in Batman province. Also labelled as a Silavgeh and has a graveyard.[448]Ibid
  29. Ziyareta Sifrî Dede: Located between the villages of Tirmûşa and Erendê in Aleppo Governorate.[449]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, p. 76
  30. Ziyareta Siltan Şêx Mûs: Located in the village of Dawidiyê in the Çinar district of Diyarbakir province.[450]Tolan, Kemal, 2021b, p. 97
  31. Ziyareta Sorê Soran: Located between the villages of Zêwikê and Baximzê in Batman province.[451]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  32. Ziyareta Şêra Laliş: Located in the village of Bacin in Mardin province.[452]Tolan, Kemal, 2010
  33. Ziyareta Şêx Alê Şemsa: Located in the village of Kanîsorkê in Batman province.[453]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  34. Ziyareta Şêx Berekat: Located on the top of Şêx Berekat mountain 30 km south of the city of Efrîn. This shrine is also visited by Druzes.[454]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
  35. Ziyareta Şêx Cemadîn: Located in the village of Sulanê in Batman province.[455]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  36. Ziyareta Şêx Cuneyd: Located in the village of Feqîran near the town of Cindirês in Aleppo Governorate.[456]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
  37. Ziyareta Şêx Ebdilqadirê Gêlanî: Located in the village of Turundê in Aleppo Governorate. Visited by both Ezidis and Muslims.[457]Ibid
  38. Ziyareta Şêx Ehmet: Located in the village of Bacin in Mardin province.[458]Tolan, Kemal, 2010
  39. Ziyareta Şêx Elî: Located in the village of Basûfanê in Aleppo Governorate.[459]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
  40. Ziyareta Şêx Gêlan: Located between the village of Sîxura and Şimzê in Batman province.[460]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  41. Ziyareta Şêx Hemîd: Located 3 km south-west of the village of Qestela Elî Cindo in Aleppo Governorate.[461]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
  42. Ziyareta Şêx Henên: Located near the village of Meşalê in Aleppo Governorate. This shrine is also believed to have healing properties and has a famous graveyard, which is one of the largest in the region. This shrine, which was originally Ezidi, has reportedly been turned into a Muslim mosque.[462]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69[463]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
  43. Ziyareta Şêx Husên: Located south of the village of Qibarê in Aleppo Governorate. Also called Hecerka Şêx Husên (Rock of Şêx Husên).[464]Ibid
  44. Ziyareta Şêx Mehmûd: Located between the villages of Serpirê and Qurê near Hasankeyf in Batman province.[465]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  45. Ziyareta Şêx Menên: Located in the village of Serêkaniyê in Aleppo Governorate.[466]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
  46. Ziyareta Şêx Qesab: A sacred cave located on Şêrewa/Lêlûn mountain near the village of Kilotê.[467]Ibid
  47. Ziyareta Şêx Rikab: Located in the village of Şaderê in Aleppo Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[468]Ibid
  48. Ziyareta Şêx Şerfedîn: Located in the village of Baflûn in Aleppo Governorate.[469]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
  49. Ziyareta Şêx Ûsiv: Located near the caves of Emer in Batman province.[470]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  50. Ziyareta Şêxêvinda (Şêx Havind): Located between the villages of Hecirê and Awîskê in Batman province.[471]Ibid
  51. Ziyareta Şêxûbekir: Located between the Kezerê and Başûra rivers on the border of the provinces of Siirt and Bitlis.[472]Ibid
  52. Ziyareta Şorekê (Şêx Miçê): Located between the villages of Hemdûna and Wahzê in Batman province.[473]Ibid
  53. Ziyareta Tayêk: Located in the village of Bacin in Mardin province.[474]Tolan, Kemal, 2010
  54. Ziyareta Xefûrê Rêyan (Şêx Mişeleh): Located in the village of Kanîsorkê in Batman province[475]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93

Aqid

This type of sacred structure is yet to be studied, making it difficult to gather comprehensive information about it. With a few exceptions, Aqid typically denotes a sacred building that lacks a dome or spire which would earn it the classification as a Qub. Almost all Aqids are situated in the sanctuary of Laliş and it is very rare to find them elsewhere. Based on our gathered data, we have found only two shrines beyond Laliş that are labelled as Aqid, that is namely Aqida Şêx Mend in the town of Şêxan/Êsivnê and Aqida Şîxadî in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan. It is worth mentioning that most of these Aqids tend to be informally referred to as “Mezar” or “Mezargeh,” however these terms are often used as a general term for all types of sacred shrines and doesn’t pertain to their structural features.

  1. Aqida Amadîn[476]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  2. Aqida Çilhecî[477]Ibid
  3. Aqida Çilmêran[478]Ibid
  4. Aqida Ereboşka[479]Ibid
  5. Aqida Êzdîna Mîr[480]Ibid
  6. Aqida Êzîd[481]Ibid
  7. Aqida Hekîm Fêris û Hekîm Luqman[482]Ibid
  8. Aqida Îshaqê Kurdî[483]Ibid
  9. Aqida Kanîya Spî: Also called Quba Kanîya Spî[484]Ibid
  10. Aqida Kurbekir[485]Ibid
  11. Aqida Mehwer û Merwan[486]Ibid
  12. Aqida Melik Fexredîn: Also called Celsa Melik Fexredîn[487]Ibid
  13. Aqida Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen)[488]Ibid
  14. Aqida Pîr Afat[489]Ibid
  15. Aqida Pîr Alûbekir[490]Ibid
  16. Aqida Pîr Beşîr[491]Ibid
  17. Aqida Pîr Beybûn[492]Ibid
  18. Aqida Pîr Biwal Sêderî[493]Ibid
  19. Aqida Pîr Bûb[494]Ibid
  20. Aqida Pîr Delî[495]Ibid
  21. Aqida Pîr Derbês û Pîrêt Xanê[496]Ibid
  22. Aqida Pîr Ebdilrehman[497]Ibid
  23. Aqida Pîr Haciyal[498]Ibid
  24. Aqida Pîr Hecî Elî: Also called Şikefta Hecî Elî.[499]Ibid
  25. Aqida Pîr Hecî Mehmed[500]Ibid
  26. Aqida Pîr Hemedê Boz[501]Ibid
  27. Aqida Pîr Hesin Meman[502]Ibid 
  28. Aqida Pîr Kemal[503]Ibid
  29. Aqida Pîr Kevanî Rût[504]Ibid
  30. Aqida Pîr Mehmed Reşan[505]Ibid
  31. Aqida Pîr Mehmedê Reben[506]Ibid
  32. Aqida Pîr Mehmûd[507]Ibid
  33. Aqida Pîr Memê Şivan[508]Ibid
  34. Aqida Pîr Omerxala[509]Ibid
  35. Aqida Pîr Qayid[510]Ibid
  36. Aqida Pîr Qedîbilban[511]Ibid
  37. Aqida Pîr Sînî Behrî[512]Ibid
  38. Aqida Pîr Tûs û Pîr Mûs[513]Ibid
  39. Aqida Pîr Xetîb Pisî[514]Ibid
  40. Aqida Pîrê Alî[515]Ibid
  41. Aqida Pîrê Cerwa (Pîr Cerwan)[516]Ibid
  42. Aqida Pîrê Hesin Elka[517]Ibid
  43. Aqida Pîrê Îsêbiya[518]Ibid
  44. Aqida Pîrê Laxer[519]Ibid
  45. Aqida Pîrê Xinûq[520]Ibid
  46. Aqida Pîrê Xoşaba[521]Ibid
  47. Aqida Pîrê Zozanî[522]Ibid
  48. Aqida Sitiya Hebîb[523]Ibid
  49. Aqida Stûna Miraza[524]Ibid
  50. Aqida Şahsiwar[525]Ibid
  51. Aqida Şêx Alê Şemsa[526]Ibid
  52. Aqida Şêx Babadîn[527]Ibid
  53. Aqida Şêx Babik[528]Ibid
  54. Aqida Şêx Birahimê Xetmî[529]Ibid
  55. Aqida Şêx Cinêd[530]Ibid
  56. Aqida Şêx Ebdalê Bisik[531]Ibid
  57. Aqida Şêx Ebdilqadir[532]Ibid
  58. Aqida Şêx Hembis[533]Ibid
  59. Aqida Şêx Mehmedê Batinî[534]Ibid
  60. Aqida Şêx Mend: Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[535]Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
  61. Aqida Şêx Mend û Şêx Fexir[536]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  62. Aqida Şêx Mûsê Sor[537]Ibid
  63. Aqida Şêx Nasirdîn[538]Ibid
  64. Aqida Şêx Sicadîn[539]Ibid
  65. Aqida Şêx Simayilê Enzelî[540]Ibid
  66. Aqida Şêx Şems[541]Ibid
  67. Aqida Şêx Şerfedîn[542]Ibid
  68. Aqida Şêx Tokil[543]Ibid
  69. Aqida Şêxê Zerî[544]Ibid
  70. Aqida Şêxûbekir[545]Ibid
  71. Aqida Şîxadî: Also called Quba Şîxadî.[546]Ibid
  72. Aqida Şîxadî: Located in Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memêşivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[547]Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
  73. Aqida Xatûna Fexra[548]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  74. Aqida Xefûrê Rêya[549]Ibid
  75. Aqida Xezina Nanî[550]Ibid
  76. Aqida Zembîlfiroş[551]Ibid

Silavgeh

Silavgeh, (lit. ‘Place of Greeting’) is a sacred site normally marked by a stone or pile of stones often put on by pilgrims passing through. Positioned near a holy building, Silavgehs often aligns with the point where the holy structure becomes visible. For instance, during Ezidi pilgrimages to Lalish via Baedrê and over the mountain, a Silavgeh formed at the spot where the spires of Lalish first came into view, travelers placed stones on the Silavgeh, kissing it as a symbolic greeting to Laliş, signifying both acknowledgment of the path and reverence for the dedicated holy figure.[552]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203

  1. Silavgeha Çinçinkogê: Located in the village of Ûsiva east of the town of Sinûnê north of Şingal mountain.[553]Ibid
  2. Silavgeha Girkê Hesarê: Located in the village of Girkê Hesarê between the towns of Xanesorê and Sinûnê north of Şingal mountain. Little children who passed away are buried near this spot.[554]Li Girkê Hesarê hefle. Çira FM. (2021, April 16). https://cira.fm/?p=2102
  3. Silavgeha Herdû Çawîşan (Babê Çawîşê Se’detê û Babê Çawîşê Şîxadî): Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[555]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  4. Silavgeha Melik Fexredîn: Located in the village of Hemedan east of the city of Şingal.[556]Ezidi media : ايزيدي ميديا. (2022, April 28). إجراء مراسيم (سلاڤگەھا) ملك فخردين في قرية همدان جنوب جبل سنجار [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  5. Silavgeha Olmemenda: A sacred tree located near the village of Şimzê in Batman province.[557]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  6. Silavgeha Pîr Afat: Located on the road between the town of Xanesor and the Qubs of Şêx Şems and Şêx Mend north of Şingal mountain.[558]Qeyrani, Ilyas. “Ji cihên navdar li Çiyayê Şingalê: Gêra Qîraniya” Lalish Magazine 45, Duhok, 2008. p. 57
  7. Silavgeha Pîr Haciyal: Faces Quba Pîr Haciyal on the northern slopes of Şingal mountain.[559]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203
  8. Silavgeha Pîr Hecî Elî: Located near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate. When people from Nisêriyê were visiting Baedrê, the first thing they saw was the dome of Quba Pîr Hecî Elî and they kissed a stone and put it on this pile.[560]Ibid
  9. Silavgeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located on Mişet mountain near the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[561]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
  10. Silavgeha Pîr Mehmed Reşan: A pomegranate tree located 500 metres north of Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan on Meqlûb mountain north of Mosul and south-east of the Şêxan district.[562]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 87
  11. Silavgeha Pîr Memê Şivan: Located in the village of Zeyiniya, which faces Zêwa Pîr Memê Şivan in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[563]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203
  12. Silavgeha Pîrê Zirav: Located in the village of Çinêriya in Batman province.[564]Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
  13. Silavgeha Sitîya Ês: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[565]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 35-36
  14. Silavgeha Şêx Ebdilezîz: Located in the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[566]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 69
  15. Silavgeha Şêx Mend: Faces Quba Şêx Mend in the village of Cedalê south of Şingal mountain.[567]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203
  16. Silavgeha Şêxê Reş: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[568]sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
  17. Silavgeha Şîxadî: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[569]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32

Goristan/Zehman

Ezidi burial grounds are known as “Zehman” or “Goristan” (lit. ‘Place of Graves’). The architectural styles of Ezidi cemeteries vary across regions and furthermore some cemeteries are situated adjacently to sacred structures and some stand independently. These cemeteries hold a significant place in spiritual life, as Ezidis not only make casual visits to honor the deceased but also traditionally pay visits during feasts, where they bring food offerings to commemorate their departed loved ones.

  1. Goristana Diyarê Felekê: Located near the village of Otilcê north of Tirbespî in Hesekê Governorate.[570]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 29-30
  2. Goristana Gundê Bêtnarê: Located in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[571]Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  3. Goristana Hesen Begê: Located in the village of Mezra Mihoka in Mardin province.[572]Yılmaz, Şükrû, 2019, “Adet û Rîtûelên Têkildarî Mirinê Li Herêma Nisêbînê” pp. 105-106, 171
  4. Goristana Kedrê: Located in the village of Solax in Şingal region.[573]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 97
  5. Goristana Şemsê Pîr: Located in the village of Sîna near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[574]Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, “Tewafêt Êzidiye Li Devera Qaiydiya: Pişka Duyê” Lalish Magazine 29, Duhok, July 2009. pp. 81-87
  6. Zehmana Delesama: Located 900 metres west of the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. In the past, Delesama was a district or neighbourhood of the Mehmûda village, however, it is now deserted.[575]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 13
  7. Zehmana Koçeka: Located south of Quba Şêx Mehmûd in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. The tombs of two famous Koçeks, Koçek Welî and Koçek Kiçoç are situated here, which pilgrims still visit for fulfillment of wishes.[576]Ibid. pp. 12-13
  8. Goristana Pîr Reşê Heyran: Located 3-5 km south of the town of Etrûş in the Shekhan district of Duhok Governorate. Due to the islamization of the area, the graveyard has been abandoned and is presently in ruins.[577]پکۆڤان رێسان خانکی (٢٠١٦) هزر و فەلسەفا د ئەدەبياتا دینێ ئێزدياندا (Kovan Rêsan Xankî (2016) Hizir û Felsefa di Edebiyata Dînê Êzdiyanda) … Continue reading
  9. Zehmana Şêx Mehmûd: Located west of Quba Şêx Mehmûd in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[578]Ibid. p. 13
  10. Zehmana Şêx Misafir: Located in the village of Feqîran in Batman province.[579]According to the Muxtar of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/AAgcB9x3BBU?si=nE_rkGbYLQw2zzRd
  11. Zehmana Şêx Qilîç: Located on the hilltop of Girê Şêx Qilîç, north of Quba Şêx Mehmûd in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. It is an ancient cemetery where burials are not carried out anymore.[580]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 13

Sacred natural sites

As nature is held deeply sacred in Ezidism, one may find that in Ezidi regions, many sacred natural sites, including trees, caves, stones, mountains, hills, valleys, springs, and ponds, are revered and function as places of worship. Some are either situated inside or in the vicinity of a holy building and some in remote natural spots. These natural sites serve a variety of purposes, some possessing healing properties, attracting visitors seeking remedies for their ailments and sufferings, some stand as monuments to holy figures or religious events and some have crucial roles in religious ceremonies and rituals. Hills and mountains, hosting multiple sacred sites, are considered ideal locations by Ezidis for building sacred structures, as it is believed that high places are for holy beings, benevolent powers, as well as for approaching God.[581]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 102-107

Dar (Trees)

  1. Dara Babê Îso: An oak tree located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. This is also a Nîşangeh.[582]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 22[583]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 183-184, 201
  2. Dara Hecî Elî: A mulberry tree located east of the village of Pêbizinê in Duhok Governorate. This is also a Nîşangeh.[584]Ibid. p. 201
  3. Dara Hecî Elî: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[585]sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
  4. Dara Hesen Kiyar: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. This is also a Nîşangeh.[586]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 183-184, 201
  5. Dara Ibrahîm Lik: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. This is also a Nîşangeh.[587]Ibid
  6. Dara Koçek: An oak tree on the road between the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan and the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[588]Ibid. p. 246
  7. Dara Leylê: Located in the middle of Sûka Me’rîfetê square at the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[589]Ibid. pp. 183-184
  8. Dara Miraza: Located west of the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate. This is a wishing tree which Ezidis tie fabrics on for fulfillment of wishes.[590]Ibid. p. 201
  9. Dara Miraza: Located near Aqida Pîr Memê Şivan in the sanctuary of Laliş, Duhok Governorate.[591]Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
  10. Dara Mizilî: Located near Quba Çilmêran on the slope of Mehrigan valley in Şingal region. This is also a Nîşangeh. [592]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105, 201
  11. Dara Nezerê (lit. Tree of [against] the Evil Eye): Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. People take a branch from this tree to protect themselves from the “Evil Eye.” Also alternatively called Dara Kirnasê or Dara Tawûkê.[593]Ibid. pp. 183-184[594]Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
  12. Dara Nîşana: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[595]Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
  13. Dara Pîrê Alî: A sacred oak tree located east of the village of Teftiya in Duhok Governorate. People visit this shrine for healing illnesses related to the mouth, the tongue and the throat.[596]Kurdistan TV. (2023, September 13). سەما..د ئێزدیاتیێ دا پاقژی ژ ئیمانێ یە [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_IbRuzmg_U
  14. Dara Qelendera: Located in Hewşa Şîxadî at the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. In Ezidism, Qelender refers to saints, ascetics or servants of the Laliş sanctuary.[597]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105[598]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 36-37[599]Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
  15. Dara Sexrî Cin: An oak tree located in Helêqiya district of Şingal region. This is also a Nîşangeh.[600]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 201
  16. Dara Singa: Located on top of Mişet mountain near the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. Sometimes, Ezidis pray for fulfillment of wishes in front of some trees, and this tree is one of them. Pilgrims cut of the branches of this tree and plant them in order for their wishes to get fulfilled.[601]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105, 177[602]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 36-37
  17. Dara Sit Nefîsa: A mulberry tree located in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate.[603]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105
  18. Dara Sitiya Zîn: Located in the old Şarya village in Duhok Governorate. Also has a graveyard.[604]Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 17). به رنامه ی سه ما .. دیـروکا گـوندێ شـاریا کـەڤـن و هـەبوونا مـەزارگـەهێن ئـێزدیان دڤی … Continue reading
  19. Dara Şexsê Batê: A mulberry tree located in the village of Xorza in Duhok Governorate. This is also a Nîşangeh.[605]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105, 201
  20. Dara Şîrî: Located in the sanctuary of Mehdera Boza in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[606]Ibid. pp. 194-195
  21. Dara Ta û Bayê (lit. Tree of Fever and Rheumatism): Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. People suffering from fever come to this tree to thread a band to its branches and ask for healing.[607]Ibid. p. 246
  22. Dara Tayî (lit. Tree of Fever): Located in a valley north of the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate, where people go to treat their fever and tie threads to the branches.[608]Ibid
  23. Dara Xewê (lit. Tree of Sleeping): Located in Hewşa Kanîya Spî at the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. People seeking a cure for sleeping problems, especially for their children, take a small piece of this tree by biting it off and tie it around the child’s neck in hopes that it’ll help them sleep.[609]Ibid. pp. 183-184, 246[610]Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
  24. Dara Zengila (lit. Tree of Bells): Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. The tree is not standing anymore, however, its place is still known and honoured. In the past, pilgrims who were carrying sacred objects or relics such as “nîşan” (lit. “sign”), “xadim” (lit. “seal”) or “zengil” (lit. “bell”) would travel without delay or stopping until they reached this tree and hanged the sacred relics on this tree.[611]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 183-184[612]Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
  25. Dara Zinciltopê: Located in the Sûka Me’rîfetê square at the sanctuary of Laliş next to Nîşangeha Şems û Fexir and Berê ‘Edaletê. This tree is believed to be very ancient, of a primordial and mystical origin. It is mentioned in Ezidi Qewls and prayers.[613]Ibid
  26. Darkên Qewala: A group of trees located in the village of Kulka on Şingal mountain.[614]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105
  27. Hevşiyê Pîr Memê Şivan: A holy orchard of trees located in the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[615]Ibid. p. 196
  28. Neh Dar (lit. Nine Trees): Located north of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate. This is also a Nîşangeh.[616]Ibid. p. 201
  29. Teskera Şerfedîn (lit. Memorial of Şerfedîn): Two sacred mulberry trees located in the Mezargehê Şerfedîn on the northern slopes of Şingal mountain.[617]Ibid. pp. 104-105
  30. Zora Gabara: An orchard of nerium oleander trees located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate. People visit it for treatment of some diseases.[618]Ibid. p. 246

Kanî (Springs)

  1. Kanî Bayê (lit. Spring of Air/Rheumatism): Located near the village of Êsiya in Duhok Governorate. Used for treating rheumatism.[619]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 242-243
  2. Kanî Dareqot: Located 300 metres west of the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. Its water is used for curing fever.[620]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 18
  3. Kanî Gurîk (lit. Spring of Itching): Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate. People afflicted with scabies or suppurations use the water of this spring to wash their skin and the clay to daub the infected spot.[621]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 242-243
  4. Kanî Zerik (lit. Spring of Anaemia): Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. Its water was used for healing anaemia. Local Muslims also visited this spring for its healing properties. [622]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 17[623]DASIN media. (2022, August 31). تاريخ قرية محمودا مع بير خلات بير الياس. Retrieved December 28, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/share/v/e4x1675HALY2rQLR/
  5. Kanî Zerik: Located south of the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. People suffering from anaemia drink the water of this spring, wash their faces with it and bring some of it home to bathe with it for three days in a row in order to get cured.[624]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 55
  6. Kanîya Avê: Located inside the main building of Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[625]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  7. Kanîya Babê Îso: Located between the town of Baedrê and village of Dêdevan in Duhok Governorate.[626]Field study in the spring of 2024
  8. Kanîya Barbilî: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[627]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 183
  9. Kanîya Bawê: Located between the villages of Bacid Kendala and Kewrênî in Duhok Governorate.[628]Ibid. pp. 96-97
  10. Kanîya Bawê: Located in the village of Ribêbî near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[629]Ibid. p. 242
  11. Kanîya Bekira: Located near the village of Zorava north-east of the Şingal mountain.[630]Ibid. p. 201
  12. Kanîya Berbaykê: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. The water of this spring flows from the Mişrûgiya mountain. Its water is also used to treat diseases.[631]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 36
  13. Kanîya Boza: Located in the sanctuary of Mehdera Boza in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[632]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 194-195
  14. Kanîya Dawidê Pîra: Located on Sîna mountain near the village of Sîna and the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[633]Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2009, pp. 81-87 (Many springs are mentioned without specification on whether they are sacred or not, we have included this one in this list since it is named after a holy figure.)
  15. Kanîya Delesama: Located 850 metres northwest of the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[634]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 19
  16. Kanîya Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Dêrebûn near Zakho in Duhok Governorate.[635]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97
  17. Kanîya Evdê Reş: Located east of the village of Mûseka near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[636]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 54
  18. Kanîya Evdê Reş: Located east of the village of Baqesrê near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[637]Ibid. p. 69
  19. Kanîya Gulava: Located between the Nîşangeh of Babadîn and of Pîr Haciyal in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[638]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 41-42[639]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 183
  20. Kanîya Horiya: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[640]Ibid
  21. Kanîya Kedrê: Located in the Kedrê cemetery in the village of Solax in Şingal region.[641]Ibid. pp. 96-97
  22. Kanîya Kerecal: Located on Sîna mountain west of Nîşangeha Kerecal near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[642]Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2009, pp. 81-87 (Many springs are mentioned without specification on whether they are sacred or not, we have included this one in this list since it is named after a holy figure.)
  23. Kanîya Koçek Birhîm: Located in the village of Gabara near the town of Baedrê in Duhok Governorate.[643]Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
  24. Kanîya Koçek Seîd: Located in the village of Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate.[644]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
  25. Kanîya Melik Şêxsin (Şêx Hesen): Located at the centre of the village of Mamreşa near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[645]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 58
  26. Kanîya Mi’êrka: Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate.[646]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 241
  27. Kanîya Nasirdîn: Located near the road between the provinces of Batman and Diyarbakir, situated on a mountain slope.[647]Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
  28. Kanîya Pîr Afat: Located 65 metres north of Nîşangeha Şêx Qilîç in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[648]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 18
  29. Kanîya Pîraxayê: Very famous spring located in the village of Kulka on Şingal mountain. This spring was originally called Kanîya Gulavê. It is believed that when Şîxadî visited the Şingal region, he relied on this spring for drinking and washing. He later renamed it to Kanîya Pîraxayê. The water of this spring flows from a large rock to which Quba Şîxadî is adjoined to. According to locals, the water from this spring flows as far as Syria to the city of Tirbespî. Furthermore, during the genocide by ISIS in August of 2014, the water of this spring saved the lives of thousands of Ezidis from thirst in hot weather.[649]Çira TV. (2022b, April 13). Çand  û  Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cty_G9aEezc[650]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 97
  30. Kanîya Pîra: Located 260 metres north of the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[651]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 19
  31. Kanîya Pîrê Cerwa: Located north of Zêwa Pîrê Cerwa near the village of Cerwana in Duhok Governorate.[652]Ibid. p. 62
  32. Kanîya Plolyê: Located in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate.[653]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97
  33. Kanîya Spî: Located inside Quba Kanîya Spî in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. The water of this spring, which flows from the Mişet mountain, is considered highly sacred, pure and sweet. According to Ezidi mythology, during the great flood, all waters grew turbid and murky except for the water of this spring, which remained pure and untainted. Furthermore, this spring plays a crucial role in many Ezidi ceremonies and rituals. For example, when an Ezidi is born, he must be baptized (‘morkirin’) with the water of this spring. There is also a religious dance associated with this spring called “Dîlana Derê Kanîya Spî” which is accompanied with the performance of Def û Şibab instruments. Entering Kanîya Spî or Zimzim spring with a spouse is prohibited because it is thought that within these places, individuals are considered as brothers and sisters with fellow visitors. Thus, being there with one’s husband or wife is deemed sinful and there are two separate places of baptising at the spring for males (Kanîya Kurika) and females (Kanîya Keçika).[654]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
  34. Kanîya Şerfedîn: Located in the village of Bêtnar near the town Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[655]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 65
  35. Kanîya Şêx Mehmûd: Located in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[656]DASIN media. (2022, August 31). تاريخ قرية محمودا مع بير خلات بير الياس. Retrieved December 28, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/share/v/e4x1675HALY2rQLR/
  36. Kanîya Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate. People afflicted with pruritus use the water of this spring to treat and wash the affected part of their skin.[657]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97, 242
  37. Kanîya Şêxê Zerî: Also called Kanî Zerik, located in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. Its water is used for healing anaemia, jaundice and curing those cursed by Evil Eye (‘nezer’). This is also a Nîşangeh.[658]Ibid. pp. 96-97, 242[659]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 65
  38. Kanîya Şilo: Located near the village of Bara in the Şilo valley on the north-western parts of the Şingal mountain.[660]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97, 242
  39. Kanîya Şivana (lit. Spring of the Shepherds): Located near the tree of Zergûz in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. Used for washing clothes and ablution.[661]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
  40. Kanîya Tawûsê: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[662]sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
  41. Kanîya Zimzimê: Located deep in a cave (Şikefta Zimzimê) under the main building at the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. According to Ezidi tradition, forty Sheikhs came from Baghdad to visit Şîxadî in this cave to challenge him and ask him to demonstrate his power. Firstly, they complained to Şîxadî that the cave is too narrow, so Şîxadî told them to turn their back to the cave’s walls and say “Ya bi qewata Xwedê û Şîxadî,” after which the cave got more spacious. Secondly, when the time for prayer came and the Sheikhs needed water to perform their ablutions, they asked Şîxadî for water. Şîxadî thus struck a rock in the cave with his stick and called for water, creating for them a spring whose source is the Muslim well of Zimzim in Mecca. After this, the forty Sheikhs of Baghdad were convinced of Şîxadî’s sanctity and left him be. This spring is still regarded as holy today and plays an important role in several ceremonies. For instance, when pilgrims arrive in Laliş, they must come to this spring to perform the ritual of “Selakirin.” In this ritual, the pilgrims first wash their hands and face, and then sprinkle the water while praying for the wellness of family members and friends, protection from illness and fulfillment of all hopes. Furthermore, the water of this spring flows into the pond of Gaykuj (lit. Bull-slaying) at the yard of Gaykuj, where pilgrims bring sheeps and bulls for sacrificing.[663]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 34-35, 37[664]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 191-192[665]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 36, 40-41

Birik/Bîr or Hewd (Ponds)

  1. Birka Gaykuj (lit. Pond of Bull-slaying): Located in the yard of Gaykuj in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate, where pilgrims used to bring bulls and sheeps for sacrifice. The water of this pond flows from Zimzim spring.[666]Ibid. p. 36
  2. Birka Gurriyatîyê: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan on Meqlûb mountain north of Mosul and south-east of the Şêxan district. Used for healing leprosy among humans and animals.[667]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 83
  3. Birka Kelokê: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. Also called Hewda Kewtelê or Bîrka Kawetir, named after Feqîr Kawetir who used to sit by this pond.[668]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 99[669]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 152-153
  4. Birka Kilîla Guh Êşê: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan on Meqlûb mountain north of Mosul and south-east of the Şêxan district. Used for healing ear pain.[670]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 82
  5. Birka Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan on Meqlûb mountain north of Mosul and south-east of the Şêxan district. Used for drinking and praying for rain.[671]Ibid
  6. Birka Sicadîn: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[672]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 99
  7. Bîra Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[673]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
  8. Bîra Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Xoşaba in Duhok Governorate.[674]Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
  9. Bîra Leylê: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[675]sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
  10. Bîra Nasirdîn: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[676]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 183
  11. Bîra Şêbaloka: Located near the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate. To treat warts, people visit this pond to wash their skin with its water and clay.[677]Ibid. p. 242
  12. Bîra Şêx Mend: Located in the village of Kebertû near the town of Xankê.[678]Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I

Çiya (Mountains)

  1. Çiyayê Erefatê (lit. Mountain of [Mystical] Knowledge: North of the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. One of the three mountains surrounding Laliş valley. It is often falsely equated with the Arafat mountain of Muslims in Mecca. Each of the three mountains around Laliş valley are named after their special uses, properties and characteristics. In the case of Erefat, the name has a different interpretation and background in Ezidi tradition. The name is rather another variation of the term “Me’rîfet,” an important concept in Ezidism which denotes mystical knowledge or presence. According to Ezidi beliefs, Çiyayê Erefat harbors a large mystical presence and is thus considered the locus of “Me’rîfet” and angels. For this reason, during feasts, the seven types of the ceremonial Sema dance are performed on that mountain by fourteen men. Of these fourteen men, seven symbolize the seven angels, while the remaining seven represent other revered Ezidi holy beings.[679]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21[680]Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 20). سه ما.. پیروزیا جیایێن پەرستگەها لالش [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4922fd_hFk[681]Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022
  2. Çiyayê Hizretê (lit. Mountain of Desires): Located west of the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. One of the three mountains surrounding Laliş valley. It is believed climbing to the summit of this mountain will lead to one’s deepest desires being fulfilled, hence its name which translates to “Mountain of Desires.”[682]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21[683]Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 20). سه ما.. پیروزیا جیایێن پەرستگەها لالش [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4922fd_hFk[684]Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022
  3. Çiyayê Meqlûbê: Located south east of Şêxan district and north of Mosul.[685]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 102
  4. Çiyayê Mişetê (lit. Mountain of Walking): Located south of the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. One of the three mountains surrounding Laliş valley. In the past, saints and pilgrims used to visit Laliş by foot through this mountain, hence its name which translates to “Mountain of Walking.”[686]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21[687]Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 20). سه ما.. پیروزیا جیایێن پەرستگەها لالش [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4922fd_hFk[688]Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022
  5. Çiyaye Mişrûgiya: Located next to Çiyayê Erefatê north of the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. It is believed that there is a high activity of the supernatural beings known as “Cin” on this mountain.[689]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21[690]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
  6. Çiyayê Pîr Reşîd: Located in the Qerqelî district in the eastern part of Van province. Before the migration of Ezidis of Serhed region to the Transcaucasus countries, many of the villages surrounding this mountain were inhabited by Ezidis, who considered it to be a place of pilgrimage.[691]Pîr Dîma (2011). “Êzdîyên Serhedê” (Translated from Russian by Ezîzê Cewo) p. 102
  7. Çiyayê Şingalê: Located next to Iraqi-Syrian border in Nineveh Governorate. Highly venerated due to having an abundance of sacred sites and buildings. Furthermore, it was historically the place of refuge which many Ezidis would retreat to when facing invasions and genocidal campaigns.[692]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 102

Gelî (Valleys)

  1. Gelîyê Hinarê: Located behind Boza mountain near the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[693]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 104
  2. Gelîyê Kûr Binbarik: Located near the cemetery of Şerfedîn near the village of Ûsiva on the northern part of Şingal mountain.[694]Ibid. p. 103
  3. Gelîyê Qewala: Located between the Mişrûgiya and Erefat mountains in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[695]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21
  4. Gelîyê Sexrî Cin: Located behind Boza mountain near the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[696]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 104
  5. Gelîyê Sinceq: Located north of the village of Bahzan on Bahzan/Gerdum mountain in Nineveh Governorate. The ceremony of Tawûsgêran starts here and proceeds to the villages of Başîqa and Bahzan.[697]Ibid. p. 103
  6. Gelîyê Şilo: Located near the village of Bara on the north-western part of Şingal mountain. In this valley there are believed to exist 366 caves and it is also believed that many supernatural beings (i.e Cin/”Yên ji me çêtir”) dwell here.[698]Ibid. pp. 104, 201[699]Çira TV. (2022g, October 12). 10.10.22 | Çand û Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xtyuJpKwDQ
  7. Gelîyê Waweylê: Located between the Erefat and Mişrûgiya mountains near Laliş sanctuary. This valley symbolizes hell in Ezidi mythology.[700]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 132[701]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 30[702]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21

Gir/Girik (Hills)

  1. Gir Mibarik: Situated near the town of Mehetê in the Duhok Governorate, this location is also home to an old abandoned village named after the hill (Gundê Gir Mibarik). According to legend, during the time of Nûh Pêxember, a devout and virgin woman lived here. She sustained herself by raising a cow and producing dairy products, which she generously shared with the poor and less fortunate. When the great flood (Ava Tofanê) occurred, she was not taken aboard the ark with Nûh Pêxember as he had forgotten her. He then prayed for her, and his prayer was answered by God and Tawûsî Melek, who caused the hill to rise along with the water level, leading to the woman surviving the flood. Until today, there is a Nîşangeh, recently turned into a Qub, on the hill that is named after the woman (Nîşangeha/Quba Kîja Bukir/Dayika Pîroz).[703]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 71-73
  2. Gir Xas: Located 6 km south of the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate, between the villages of Kîs Qel’e to the southwest and Kendal to the east, and there is also a village (Gundê Girxasê) named after the hill. The name translates to “Saints’ Hill” and comes from the abundance of Nîşangehs of holy figures on the hill.[704]Ibid. p. 74
  3. Girê Delesama: Located 900 metres west of Mehmûda village near the town of Mehmûda. According to Ezidi mythology, this hill was named “Sam” after one of Nûh Pêxember’s sons who settled on this hill after the great flood.[705]Ibid. pp. 22-23
  4. Girê Helanê Şêrî: Located 850 metres southwest of the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. “Helanê Şêrî” translates to “Lion’s Boulder” and refers to the boulder on the hill, which is named after Pîr Mehmed Reşan, who is associated with lions in Ezidi religion.[706]Ibid. p. 22
  5. Girê Pîr Afat: Located in the village of Dosteka near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate.[707]Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2009, pp. 81-87 (Many hills are mentioned without specification on whether they are sacred or not, we have included this one in this list since it is named after a holy figure.)
  6. Girê Pîr Bakoz: Located in the village of Xerşeniya near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. The Nîşangeh of Pîr Bakoz is on the hilltop.[708]Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
  7. Girê Şêx Alê Şemsa: Located in the town of Êsivnê/Şêxan in Duhok Governorate. Quba Şêx Alê Şemsa is situated on the hilltop.[709]Field study in the spring of 2024
  8. Girê Şêx Mehmûd: Located from the southern side of the centre of the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê. The largest cemetery in the village, along with the Qubs of Şêx Mehmûd and Melik Şêxsin are situated on the hilltop.[710]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 20-21
  9. Girê Şêx Qilîç: Located from the northern side of the centre of the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. It is the largest hill in the village, which the Nîşangehs of Şêx Qilîç, Pîr Mehmed Reşan, Şîxadî and Şexsê Batê are located on as well as Zehmana Şêx Qilîç.[711]Ibid. p. 20
  10. Girê Şêx Şems: Located in the village of Girêpanê near the town of Şarya in Duhok Governorate. Quba Şêx Şems is situated on this hill.[712]مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
  11. Girka Şêxê Reş: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[713]sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60

Şikeft/Mixar (Caves)

  1. Mixara Mara (lit. Cave of Snakes): Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[714]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
  2. Mixara Pîr Haciyal: Located inside Quba Pîr Haciyal on the northern slopes of Şingal mountain.[715]Lalish TV. (2021b, August 20). Welate Kal u Bava Kuba Pira Fat, Kuba Haji Ali , Kuba ShexMand [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxHfJy1IQ6Q
  3. Mixara Şerfedîn: Located in the village of Bêtnar near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate.[716]Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  4. Şikefta Avê: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[717]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  5. Şikefta Berata: Located between Aqida Şêx Şems and Xatûna Fexra in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. A very ancient cave believed to date milennia before the coming of Şîxadî. The sacred orbs known as “Berat” are kneaded and produced here.[718]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 250[719]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
  6. Şikefta Cina: Located on Mişrûgiya mountain near the valley of Qewals near the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[720]Ibid. p. 34
  7. Şikefta Cina: Located near Quba Xatûna Fexra on the north-western slopes of Şingal mountain. People suffering from mental illnesses and disorders are brought to this sacred place for healing.[721]Çira TV. (2021a, November 11). Çand  û  Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCaDJl7cRHs
  8. Şikefta Çilexanê: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. As seen by its name, this is the place where the Çilegir (‘Fasters of the Forty [Days]) go during the fasting periods of Çilê Havînê and Çilê Zivistanê. This is where Şîxadî is believed to have spent his time and one can find many ancient graves inside this cave.[722]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34[723]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 25-27
  9. Şikefta Çilxanê: A sacred cave located on Lêlûn mountain 2 km south of Qibarê village in Aleppo Governorate.[724]Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91[725]Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
  10. Şikefta Çilxanê Biçûk: Located in the valley of Şêx Sifil in Aleppo Governorate.[726]Ibid
  11. Şikefta Dêdevana: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[727]sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
  12. Şikefta Evdê Reş: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[728]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 104
  13. Şikefta Gundî (lit. Cave of the Village): Located in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate. People afflicted with Bîrov (‘ringworm’) visits this cave and rubs the infected spot with the soil of this cave.[729]Ibid. p. 244
  14. Şikefta Koçek Welî: Located southwest of Zehmana Koçeka in the village of Mehmûda near the town of Mehetê in Duhok Governorate. It is currently a collapsed cave with old fig trees on the outside.[730]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 31
  15. Şikefta Leyl û Mecnûn: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[731]sadam xanke. (2023b, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
  16. Şikefta Mam Îso: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[732]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
  17. Şikefta Mîr Birahîm: Located on Hizret mountain in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[733]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
  18. Şikefta Pîr Hecî Elî: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. This is also an Aqid.[734]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  19. Şikefta Pîr Hesin Çinarî: Located next to the cave of Pîr Omerxala in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[735]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
  20. Şikefta Pîr Mehmedê Reben: Located next to Aqida Şerfedîn in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[736]Ibid
  21. Şikefta Pîr Omerxala: Located on the Erefat mountain in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[737]Ibid
  22. Şikefta Qerqorî: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[738]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
  23. Şikefta Sexrî Cin: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate. Also called a Nîşangeh.[739]Ibid. p. 104[740][740]Fan Media K. (2024a, July 6). Bername | Cih U Waar |بەرنامێ| (جهـ و وار) |خەلەکا (1) گوندێ (بوزان) | Fan media k [Video]. YouTube. … Continue reading
  24. Şikefta Sexrî Cin: Located near the village of Zêrwa on the north-eastern slopes of Şingal mountain.[741]sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
  25. Şikefta Seyid Nûm/Ne’ûm: Located next to Aqida Xatûna Fexra in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[742]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 22-23
  26. Şikefta Stûna Miraza: Located next to Aqida Pîr Memê Şivan under Erefat mountain in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[743]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
  27. Şikefta Şerfedîn: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[744]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
  28. Şikefta Şêx Ebdilqadir: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[745]See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr … Continue reading
  29. Şikefta Şêx Fexir (Fexredîn): Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[746]Ibid
  30. Şikefta Şêx Mend: Located next to Aqida Şêx Mend in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate.[747]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
  31. Şikefta Zimzimê: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. Leads to the spring of Zimzim.[748]Ibid. p. 34[749]Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 40-41

Ber/Hecirik/Kevir (Stones) or Helan (Boulder)

  1. Berê Boza: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate. If a child suffers from wasting syndrome (cachexia) or a chronic illness, they are taken there and put on this stone. If the child starts crying, it is a prediction that he will be cured, if not, he will not live.[750]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 247
  2. Berê Cilantkê: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[751]Ibid. p. 107
  3. Berê ‘Edaletê: Located in the sanctuary of Laliş at the Sûka Me’rîfetê square in Duhok Governorate.[752]Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
  4. Berê Feqîra: Located in Zêwa Pîr Mehmed Reşan at the foot of Meqlûb Mountain north of Mosul and southeast of the Şêxan district.[753]Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
  5. Berê Garmek: Located south of the village of Bahzan in Nineveh Governorate. People suffering from typhoid fever visit this place for a cure.[754]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 245
  6. Berê Lukim: Located in the sanctuary of Mehdera Boza in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[755]Ibid. pp. 194-195
  7. Berê Merê: Located in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[756]Ibid. p. 107
  8. Berê Miraza (lit. Wishing Stone): Also called Berê Mueleq (lit. Hanging Stone), located in the chamber of Hesin Dena in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. Pilgrims throw a piece of fabric on this stone with their eyes closed and make a wish. If the fabric remains on the stone and doesn’t fall to the ground, it is a good sign and points to the likelihood of the wish being fulfilled.[757]Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 36
  9. Berê Naxsî: Located in the town of Başîqa in Nineveh Governorate. People suffering from a kidney disease visit this stone with a piece of thread. They kiss the stone, throw the thread on it and go home without saying a single word, believing it will cure their illness.[758]Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021. p. 247
  10. Berê Niqara: Located in the sanctuary of Mehdera Boza in the village of Bozan in Duhok Governorate.[759]Ibid. pp. 194-195
  11. Berê Pişt Êşê (lit. Stone of Backache): Located inside Zemzem cave in the sanctuary of Laliş in Duhok Governorate. People afflicted with backache put their backs against this stone believing it will cure their backache.[760]Ibid. p. 247
  12. Berê Pişt Êşê: Located in Zêwa/Mezarê Memê Şivan in the village of Memê Şivan near the town of Xankê in Duhok Governorate. Has same properties and function as the stone of the same name in Laliş.[761]Ibid
  13. Helana Pîr Mehmed Reşan (Memê Reşan, Mehme Reşan): Located on the hilltop of Girê Helanê Şêrî near the village of Mehmûda, Duhok Governorate.[762]Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 22
  14. Kevirê Sinceqê: Located on a mountaintop in the village of Pêda, 45 km northeast of the city of Duhok. The village is now Islamized and inhabited by Muslim Kurds. In the past, before Islamization, when the Tawûs/Sinceq effigy was brought to the village by Qewals during Tawûsgêran season, it was placed on this stone.[763]Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/9xhn5yeLDWuKgGHy/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)

References

References
↑1 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, “The Role of Nature in Yezidism: Poetic Texts and Living Tradition” pp. 199-200
↑2 Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022
↑3 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
↑4 Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/9xhn5yeLDWuKgGHy/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)
↑5 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
↑6 Waar Media. (2023a, May 3). Kinyat – Tewafa Kerejal | كنیات -تەوافا كەرەجال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Apuof_ZSUAg
↑7 Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
↑8 پیر خەلات ئەلیاس جەعفۆ (٢٠١٨) باسکێ شێخان: تیرێژەکا گەش ل سەر گوندێن ئێزدیان (Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, Baskê Şêxan: Tîrêjeka Dirêj Li Ser Gundên Êzdiyan) p. 70
↑9 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
↑10 Ibid
↑11 Ibid
↑12 Ibid
↑13 Ibid. pp. 197-199, 301
↑14 Çira TV. (2022h, July 23). 21.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DezfAlWtDlQ
↑15 Ibid
↑16 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑17 Ibid
↑18 Pirbari, Dimitri, & Mossaki, Nodar, 2022
↑19 Fan Media K. (2024a, July 6). Bername | Cih U Waar |بەرنامێ| (جهـ و وار) |خەلەکا (1) گوندێ (بوزان) | Fan media k [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIPI4y5JaxQ
↑20 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
↑21 Çiya Press. (2023, September 9). الايزيديون يحيون مراسيم اليوم الأول من جماية مزار شرف الدين. Retrieved January 1, 2024, from https://www.facebook.com/Ciya.Press/videos/1652752955206843/
↑22 Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 17). به رنامه ی سه ما .. دیـروکا گـوندێ شـاریا کـەڤـن و هـەبوونا مـەزارگـەهێن ئـێزدیان دڤی گـونـدی دا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxYldGjPYrE
↑23 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 197-198
↑24 Ibid
↑25 Ibid. p. 244 and Pirbari, Dimtri (2008). “Lalisha Nurani” p. 170
↑26 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑27 According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
↑28 According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
↑29 Ibid
↑30 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑31 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑32 Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
↑33 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 103
↑34 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 73
↑35 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑36 كاروان حجی باعەدری, “دەروازەییەکا هەمەلایەتە بۆ گوندێ گابارا” (Karwan Hecî Baedrî, “Derwazeyeka Hemelayene bo Gundê Gabara”) Lalish Magazine 51, Duhok, Winter 2024. pp. 79-92
↑37 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 77
↑38 Ibid. p. 55
↑39 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 199, 301
↑40 Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
↑41 According to Mam Edil, a local religious expert and Qewlbêj, in an interview with Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/zNBVygzm9_0?si=EQUpwKJ1ym6-3mel
↑42 Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
↑43 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑44 According to Mam Edil, a local religious expert and Qewlbêj, in an interview with Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/labksEUhCqI?si=pMY3lTfJf8WKZU33
↑45 Lalish TV. (2022a, January 26). Walate kal u bava – Gonde Kandal [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJF58OhQ_eg
↑46 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑47 ايزيدي ٢٤ :: Ezidi 24. (2019c, November 2). شنگال : ب هادربوونا جەماوەرەکی مەزن ، ڤەکرنا یەکەمین مەزارێ دینی یێ ئێزدیان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsGnbtMrssk
↑48 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑49 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑50 According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
↑51 Lalish TV. (2021b, September 2). Welate kal u bava – quba Ezdid [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB4ADUJq-84
↑52 Lalish TV. (2022b, September 7). Ware Kal u bava Batman – gunde Shahsme (Ali Kartal) basha 2 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5t-orqvCTUc
↑53 “ეზიდთა სასულიერო საბჭო საქართველოში” ოფიციალური საიტი. (n.d.). Სსიპ. https://www.yezidi.ge/home.php?cat=6&sub=3&mode=2&stat=0&lang=ge
↑54 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑55 صدى الواقع السوري VEDENG. (2022, February 6). قرية أوتلجة otelce والتي يسكنها الكرد الأيزيديين تاريخها مع الإعلامي شعلان السيد Gundê Kurdên Êzidî [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v69HKMlvEmU
↑56 Ekurd Daily. (2019, September 30). World’s largest Yazidi temple opens in Armenia. Kurd Net – Ekurd.net Daily News. https://ekurd.net/worlds-largest-yazidi-temple-2019-09-30
↑57 According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
↑58 Bedelê Feqîr Hecî (2002). “Bawerî û Mîtologiya Êzidîyan: Çendeha Têkist û Vekolîn” p. 29
↑59 Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/EEHjhPtPz8qH5npW/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)
↑60 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
↑61 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 244-245
↑62 ايزيدي ٢٤ :: Ezidi 24. (2019, May 18). خورزان : إحياء مراسيم طوافة ملك فخر الدين [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2msubSRdvCw
↑63 According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
↑64 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑65 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
↑66 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑67 ايزيدي ميديا ​​: Ezidi Media. (2020, October 1). رێ و رەسمێن نووژەنکرنا قوبا ( شێخ حەسەن ) ل دەڤەرا بێبانێ و شێخکا سەرب ئەلقوش ڤە . Retrieved December 25, 2023, from https://fb.watch/p9kS3cm9hg/
↑68 According to local religious experts and Micêwirs of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/1HGquG75fdo?si=nNQafkQctNIv32ZU
↑69 Ibid
↑70 Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
↑71 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 20-21
↑72 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑73 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑74 ايزيدي ٢٤ :: Ezidi 24. (2021, May 7). افتتاح مزار شيخ حسن من قبل مبادرة نادية [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27jKj8ey9fU
↑75 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑76 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑77 Tolan, Kemal (2021a). “Nasandina Kevneşopên Êzdiyatiyê I” pp. 86-93 (We are grateful to Kemal Tolan for pointing us towards his work and providing us with much needed additional information on the Ezidi holy places in Batman.)
↑78 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑79 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, p. 94
↑80 Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
↑81 World’s largest Ezidi temple to be build in Armenia (2016, July 27)
↑82 Yazda. (2023b, July 20). Jwankirna Amadeen – Renovation of Amadeen Dome | Episode 12 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32EPKRv_Wnk
↑83 According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
↑84 Fan Media K. (2024, August 17). Bername | Cih U Waar | xeleka (6) | (Nfêriya ) | بەرنامێ (جهـ و وار ) | خەلەکا (٦) | گوندێ (نفێریە) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9b6rKUhm54w
↑85 Lalish TV. (2022d, November 16). Ware kal u bava – Kiwax [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azorR6Wz3tc
↑86 Dimitri Pirbari, Nodar Mossaki & Mirza Sileman Yezdin (2020) A Yezidi Manuscript:—Mišūr of P’īr Sīnī Bahrī/P’īr Sīnī Dārānī, Its Study and Critical Analysis, Iranian Studies, 53:1-2, 223-257, DOI: 10.1080/00210862.2019.1669118
↑87 Pîr Xelat Îlyas, a local religious scholar and Micêwir, posted about this shrine when its reconstruction as a Qub was being concluded. Post link: https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid031aopJppCfyhk1C4gqdXqizXmrsBVHMAzhZFSxqMr7DEN8LenCZiVYnwzLLSWgNEXl&id=100001096061942
↑88 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 58
↑89 Pirbari, D. V., & Mossaki, N. Z. (2022). A Yezidi Manuscript – Mišūr of Pir Amar Qubaysi, its study and critical analysis. Arabistika Evrazii, 5(3), 66–87. https://doi.org/10.26907/2619-1261.2022.5.3.66-87
↑90 ”Şîxadî” (2016) by Kovara Navenda Lêkolînên Êzdinasiyê, published by Dengê Êzîdîyan Oldenburg, p. 87
↑91 According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
↑92 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑93 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑94 Yazidi News ايزيدي نيوز. (2023, September 30). الحلقة الثانية من برنامج طواف: مزار هاجالي، شمال جبل سنجار. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CpSXNj_De4
↑95 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑96 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑97 Maisel, Sebastian, “Rebuilding the unimagined past: Êzidî religious architecture and the reconfiguration of sacred space” Lalish Magazine 45, Duhok, 2021. p. 12
↑98 Çira TV. (2022b, May 2). ŞENGAL | Yekîneyên Berxwedana Şengalê YBŞ’ê Quba Pîrê Hesin Maman ava kir [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaqhiTIfTsY
↑99 Interview on Kurdistan TV with Mam Fexir, an Ezidi religious expert from Şingal. Video link: https://youtu.be/GUNE8ptPcuo?si=R9VTRIttpxCwzERh
↑100 Maisel, Sebastian, 2021, p. 13
↑101 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑102 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104, 197
↑103 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑104 Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
↑105 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑106 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑107 Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
↑108 Çira TV. (2022, April 25). Qube û Dîrok  |  Siwarê Gêdûkê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2N3c4Qo8x0
↑109 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑110 Ibid
↑111 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
↑112 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑113 Ibid
↑114 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 162
↑115 Kurdistan24 Production. (2019a, June 9). مەزارگەکانی ئێزیدی لە باشیک [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03nKABBfk2Q
↑116 Ibid. p. 178
↑117 According to one of the Micêwirs of Xetarê village, Xiwace Xetarî in an interview with Lalish TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/F9WhJi1TgZc?si=yRj-kbUAVYd0bUIQ
↑118 According to the Babê Gavan on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/Zyv1MEEOCmw?si=s7_SMbHogFSavYDx
↑119 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑120 Şêbilqasim: Deriyê Pêkanîna hêviyan (2023, September 29)
↑121 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 181
↑122 According to local religious experts and Micêwirs of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/1HGquG75fdo?si=nNQafkQctNIv32ZU
↑123 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑124 Rashid International (2019) “Destroying the Soul of the Yazidis: Cultural Heritage Destruction during the Islamic State’s Genocide against the Yazidis” pp. 102-103
↑125 According to Sirêçka’s Micêwir on Sema TV and Çira TV
↑126 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 103
↑127 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 53
↑128 Çira TV. (2022a, January 3). Qube û Dîrok  |  Şêx Berekat [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0n_uYPRdTM
↑129 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑130 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑131 Ibid
↑132 Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
↑133 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 20-21
↑134 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑135 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑136 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
↑137 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 106
↑138 Ibid. p. 103
↑139 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑140 Yazidi News ايزيدي نيوز. (2021, April 6). إعادة بناء مزار شيخ مند في قرية جدالي جنوب جبل سنجار من قبل مبادرة نادية مراد [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buIhzfTSyIU
↑141 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑142 بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ  دۆغاتا (Sema TV) [Video]. YouTube. Official link not available anymore (Accessed on 2019-05-25)
↑143 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
↑144 Lalish TV. (2022, September 21). Ware Kal u bava Batman gunde Shmze [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYw5PzCDF8M
↑145 According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
↑146 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
↑147 مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
↑148 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑149 مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
↑150 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑151 Lalish TV. (2021, July 28). Welate kal u bava – Kuba Sheshms ,Gunde Zorava [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qh3siMO-C5g
↑152 مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
↑153 Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
↑154 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑155 According to local religious experts and Micêwirs of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/1HGquG75fdo?si=nNQafkQctNIv32ZU
↑156 Called a Mezar by Sirêçka’s Micêwir on Sema TV and a Qub by one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV.
↑157 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑158 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑159 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑160 Ezidxan TV Official. (2022, October 26). Quba Şêxûbek’ir li gundê Rîya T’eze [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffpld6K9Mvg
↑161 Lalish TV. (2022d, November 16). Ware kal u bava – Kiwax [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azorR6Wz3tc
↑162 Çira TV. (2022b, April 13). Çand  û  Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cty_G9aEezc
↑163 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
↑164 According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
↑165 Quba Xatûna Fexran piştî çend salan dê bê nûkirin.
↑166 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑167 Lalish TV. (2022d, November 16). Ware kal u bava – Kiwax [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azorR6Wz3tc
↑168 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
↑169 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑170 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
↑171 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑172 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 178
↑173 Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
↑174 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑175 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
↑176 Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc
↑177 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑178 Ibid
↑179 Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc
↑180 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑181 Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc
↑182 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑183 Çira TV. (2022c, April 16). Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi7HlLCcunc
↑184 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 81
↑185 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑186 Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/9xhn5yeLDWuKgGHy/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)
↑187 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 90
↑188 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑189 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
↑190 Ibid. p. 53
↑191 Ibid. p. 55
↑192 Ibid. p. 75
↑193 Ibid. p. 14
↑194 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 91
↑195 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 392
↑196 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑197 Ibid
↑198 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑199 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑200 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑201 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 14
↑202 Ibid. p. 69
↑203 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
↑204 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑205 Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
↑206 Fan Media K. (2024, August 17). Bername | Cih U Waar | xeleka (6) | (Nfêriya ) | بەرنامێ (جهـ و وار ) | خەلەکا (٦) | گوندێ (نفێریە) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9b6rKUhm54w
↑207 Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
↑208 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑209 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 55
↑210 Ibid. p. 69
↑211 Ibid. p. 75
↑212 Ibid. p. 89
↑213 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑214 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 67
↑215 Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NtY_D8rTxA
↑216 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑217 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑218 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 77
↑219 Ibid. p. 36
↑220 Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
↑221 Waar Media. (2023a, May 3). Kinyat – Tewafa Kerejal | كنیات -تەوافا كەرەجال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Apuof_ZSUAg
↑222 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑223 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 73
↑224 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑225 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 73
↑226 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 392
↑227 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
↑228 Ibid
↑229 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
↑230 Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, “Tewafêt Êzidiye Li Devera Qaiydiya: Pişka Êkê” Lalish Magazine 27, Duhok, December 2007. pp. 46-62
↑231 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
↑232 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑233 According to Şêxê Wezîr of the Ezidis, Şêx Hesûnê Berkat in a video documentary about the village of Bozan. Video link: https://youtu.be/rOZD9RJw0Co?si=3_PPkVD-uW5IC8sQ
↑234 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑235 Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
↑236 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑237 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑238 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
↑239 Ibid. p. 53
↑240 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 58
↑241 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 13
↑242 Ibid. p. 58
↑243 Ibid. p. 69
↑244 Ibid. p. 81
↑245 Ibid. p. 80
↑246 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑247 Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
↑248 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 80
↑249 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 14
↑250 Ibid. p. 89
↑251 Lalish TV. (2021c, October 20). Welate kal u bava – komalga Sharia [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpPRSMS9ses
↑252 Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
↑253 Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
↑254 Ibid
↑255 Çira TV. (2022h, July 23). 21.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DezfAlWtDlQ
↑256 Ibid
↑257 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑258 Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
↑259 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
↑260 Lalish TV. (2021d, December 30). Welate kal u bava -Komelgeha Xanke [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rkkr-J0yqlQ
↑261 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
↑262 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑263 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 55
↑264 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 40-41
↑265 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑266 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑267 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
↑268 Ibid. p. 81
↑269 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑270 پیر خەلات ئەلیاس, “دارێن پیرۆز د ئێزدیاتیێ دا” (Pîr Xelat Eliyas, “Darên Pîroz di Êzdiyatiyê da”) Lalish Magazine 51, Duhok, Winter 2024. pp. 69-78
↑271 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 13, 20
↑272 Ibid. p. 55
↑273 Ibid. p. 58
↑274 Ibid. p. 66
↑275 Ibid. p. 75
↑276 Ibid. p. 89
↑277 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑278 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑279 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 130
↑280 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 75
↑281 Ibid. p. 81
↑282 Ibid, p. 172
↑283 Ibid. p. 30
↑284 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑285 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 58
↑286 Kurdistan TV. (2023, September 13). سەما..د ئێزدیاتیێ دا پاقژی ژ ئیمانێ یە [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_IbRuzmg_U
↑287 Pîr Xelat Îlyas, a local religious scholar and Micêwir, posted about this Nîşangeh when it was being renovated. Post link: https://fb.watch/pcnNP0o7_O/.
↑288 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 66
↑289 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑290 Çira TV. (2022h, July 30). 28.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqaKaiT-lmE
↑291 Ibid
↑292 Ibid
↑293 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
↑294 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 26
↑295 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑296 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑297 Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NtY_D8rTxA
↑298 Ibid
↑299 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 392
↑300 Kurdistan TV. (2023a, January 18). بەرنامەی سەما .. سالڤەگەرا ئێکێ یا وەغەرکرنا شێخ شامو [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu5s5BpsVZc
↑301 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 86
↑302 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑303 sadam xanke. (2020, January 30). zewe 23- 1- 2020 baesiqa li dur quba [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlIVU55LdAM
↑304 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 81
↑305 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 78
↑306 Ibid. p. 79
↑307 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
↑308 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑309 Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
↑310 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 66
↑311 Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
↑312 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 14, 20
↑313 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑314 Kurdistan TV. (2023a, January 18). بەرنامەی سەما .. سالڤەگەرا ئێکێ یا وەغەرکرنا شێخ شامو [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu5s5BpsVZc
↑315 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑316 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 48
↑317 Ibid. p. 69
↑318 Ibid. p. 75
↑319 Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
↑320 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 412
↑321 Ibid. pp. 40-41
↑322 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 80
↑323 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑324 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
↑325 Ibid. p. 53
↑326 Ibid. p. 73
↑327 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑328 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 69
↑329 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 64
↑330 Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2007, pp. 46-62
↑331 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Baedrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/EqKdXoS2M_E?si=WrBHNwWUshmVm2XQ
↑332 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑333 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 419
↑334 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 75
↑335 Ibid. p. 13
↑336 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑337 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 61
↑338 Ibid. p. 80
↑339 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
↑340 Ibid. p. 53
↑341 Sema TV. (2022, July 26). بەرناما وارێ من گوندێ كرسافا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqLuxj62wdw
↑342 According to one of Sirêçka’s scholars on Kurdistan TV. Video link: https://youtu.be/LGdCGAx6lhA?si=RgLREIu5zbImYjlR
↑343 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑344 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑345 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 13, 20
↑346 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑347 Ibid
↑348 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 122
↑349 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 51
↑350 Ibid. p. 53
↑351 Ibid. p. 55
↑352 Ibid. p. 58
↑353 Ibid. p. 75
↑354 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑355 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 80
↑356 Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
↑357 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑358 According to local Micêwirs in an interview with Kurdistan24.  Video: https://youtu.be/gfqzUn1fFEM?si=0uXWhqD1c0hzztac
↑359 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑360 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑361 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑362 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 13, 20
↑363 Ibid. p. 55
↑364 Ibid. p. 58
↑365 Ibid. p. 75
↑366 Ibid. p. 89
↑367 Lalish TV. (2021d, December 30). Welate kal u bava -Komelgeha Xanke [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rkkr-J0yqlQ
↑368 Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
↑369 sadam xanke. (2020a, January 9). zewe 9-1-2020 baesiq [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quDbhlGX580
↑370 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 77
↑371 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 58
↑372 Çira TV. (2022h, July 30). 28.07.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqaKaiT-lmE
↑373 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑374 Çira TV. (2022b, April 21). Gundê me | Gundê Cerhiyê [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIeNj-kjEUI
↑375 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑376 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑377 Gundê Me | Gundê Şêx Xidrê [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_KvVJ-khVu0?si=eC8ZvA5bz4a2Ts_N
↑378 Çira TV. (2021, December 2). Gundê me | Gundê Êsya [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rrAOxyG1n0
↑379 DASIN media. (2022, August 31). تاريخ قرية محمودا مع بير خلات بير الياس. Retrieved December 28, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/share/v/e4x1675HALY2rQLR/
↑380 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 69
↑381 Ibid. p. 75
↑382 Ibid. p. 81
↑383 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 178
↑384 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 75
↑385 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑386 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑387 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑388 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 200-202
↑389 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 29
↑390 Kurdistan TV. (2021, December 22). بەرنامەى سـه مـا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AAflAEyg0
↑391 Pirbari, Dimitri, & Mossaki, Nodar. (2022). A Yezidi Manuscript – Mišūr of Pir Amar Qubaysi, its study and critical analysis. Arabistika Evrazii, 5(3), 66–87. https://doi.org/10.26907/2619-1261.2022.5.3.66-87
↑392 Kurdistan TV. (2021, December 22). بەرنامەى سـه مـا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AAflAEyg0
↑393 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197
↑394 Ibid
↑395 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 93-94
↑396 Ibid
↑397 Ibid
↑398 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197
↑399 زانیاریان ل دۆر زێوا پیرێ بوتار یا هۆزا(باسیا) بزانە🔻. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2023, from https://fb.watch/p2T1uCWhtJ/
↑400 ڕێ و رسمێن زێوا کەلابەدرییا ل شاریا بزانە. (n.d.). https://www.facebook.com/sematv.hd/videos/986473705254624/?mibextid=rS40aB7S9Ucbxw6v
↑401 Ibid
↑402 Ibid
↑403 Ibid
↑404 Pirbari, Dimitri, & Mossaki, Nodar, 2022
↑405 Ibid
↑406 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, p. 87
↑407 Omerxalî, Xanna & Xankî, Kovan. (2009) “Metodeka analîza Qewlên Êzdiyan: Li ser mesela qewlê Omer Xala û Hesen Çinêrî.” Avesta Basın Yayın. p. 60
↑408 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 93-94
↑409 Waar Media. (2023, September 20). Kinyat – Xeleka 71 | كنیات – خەلەكا ٧١ [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QHAIRcBhlM
↑410 Kurdistan TV. (2021, December 22). بەرنامەى سـه مـا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AAflAEyg0
↑411 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197
↑412 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 162
↑413 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 195-197
↑414 Ibid
↑415 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 93-94
↑416 Interview with an Ezidi scholar from Heseke region, conducted online on November 2023.
↑417 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑418 Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
↑419 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑420 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, “Êzdî û Êzdiyetî: Li Bakur Rojavaya Sûriyê” pp. 79-91. The book refers to the shrines in the Efrîn region using the term “Pîrozgeh,” however, after consulting with two Ezidis from Syria, one from Efrîn region and one from Hesekê region, we learnt that this term is new and has recently entered their dialect as the purer Kurdish replacement of the Arabic-derived “Mezargeh” or “Ziyaret.” To prevent confusion, we’ve decided to stick with the original term “Ziyaret” in this list.
↑421 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, “Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority” pp. 65-69
↑422 Ibid
↑423 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑424 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑425 Ibid
↑426 Ibid
↑427 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑428 Ibid
↑429 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑430 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
↑431 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑432 Ibid
↑433 Ibid
↑434 Tolan, Kemal. (2010). “Girîngiya dîrok û şûnwarên Êzidiyan yên li herêma Hesenkêfê.” Govara Mehfel, 1, 10–24.
↑435 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑436 Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
↑437 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑438 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑439 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
↑440 Tolan, Kemal (2021b). “Dîroka Êzdiyan a di dokumentan û zargotinê de” p. 97
↑441 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑442 Tolan, Kemal, 2021b, p. 97
↑443 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑444 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
↑445 Tolan, Kemal, 2021b, p. 97
↑446 Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
↑447 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑448 Ibid
↑449 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, p. 76
↑450 Tolan, Kemal, 2021b, p. 97
↑451 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑452 Tolan, Kemal, 2010
↑453 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑454 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑455 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑456 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
↑457 Ibid
↑458 Tolan, Kemal, 2010
↑459 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑460 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑461 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑462 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
↑463 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑464 Ibid
↑465 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑466 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑467 Ibid
↑468 Ibid
↑469 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
↑470 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑471 Ibid
↑472 Ibid
↑473 Ibid
↑474 Tolan, Kemal, 2010
↑475 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑476 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑477 Ibid
↑478 Ibid
↑479 Ibid
↑480 Ibid
↑481 Ibid
↑482 Ibid
↑483 Ibid
↑484 Ibid
↑485 Ibid
↑486 Ibid
↑487 Ibid
↑488 Ibid
↑489 Ibid
↑490 Ibid
↑491 Ibid
↑492 Ibid
↑493 Ibid
↑494 Ibid
↑495 Ibid
↑496 Ibid
↑497 Ibid
↑498 Ibid
↑499 Ibid
↑500 Ibid
↑501 Ibid
↑502 Ibid
↑503 Ibid
↑504 Ibid
↑505 Ibid
↑506 Ibid
↑507 Ibid
↑508 Ibid
↑509 Ibid
↑510 Ibid
↑511 Ibid
↑512 Ibid
↑513 Ibid
↑514 Ibid
↑515 Ibid
↑516 Ibid
↑517 Ibid
↑518 Ibid
↑519 Ibid
↑520 Ibid
↑521 Ibid
↑522 Ibid
↑523 Ibid
↑524 Ibid
↑525 Ibid
↑526 Ibid
↑527 Ibid
↑528 Ibid
↑529 Ibid
↑530 Ibid
↑531 Ibid
↑532 Ibid
↑533 Ibid
↑534 Ibid
↑535 Kurdistan24 Production. (2019, June 16). ئێسڤنێ میرگەی ئێزیدخان [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0DqHTh7odo
↑536 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑537 Ibid
↑538 Ibid
↑539 Ibid
↑540 Ibid
↑541 Ibid
↑542 Ibid
↑543 Ibid
↑544 Ibid
↑545 Ibid
↑546 Ibid
↑547 Çira TV (2021, November 17). Gundê Me | Gundê Mem Şivan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5XFyoQwk3Mo?si=l_5ltKu3-dwijA-b
↑548 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑549 Ibid
↑550 Ibid
↑551 Ibid
↑552 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203
↑553 Ibid
↑554 Li Girkê Hesarê hefle. Çira FM. (2021, April 16). https://cira.fm/?p=2102
↑555 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑556 Ezidi media : ايزيدي ميديا. (2022, April 28). إجراء مراسيم (سلاڤگەھا) ملك فخردين في قرية همدان جنوب جبل سنجار [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AWphm_ADF8
↑557 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑558 Qeyrani, Ilyas. “Ji cihên navdar li Çiyayê Şingalê: Gêra Qîraniya” Lalish Magazine 45, Duhok, 2008. p. 57
↑559 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203
↑560 Ibid
↑561 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
↑562 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 87
↑563 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203
↑564 Lalish TV. (2022e, October 12). Ware kal u bava Batman, gunde Jneria [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrXxoakZuoE
↑565 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 35-36
↑566 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 69
↑567 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 203
↑568 sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑569 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
↑570 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 29-30
↑571 Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NtY_D8rTxA
↑572 Yılmaz, Şükrû, 2019, “Adet û Rîtûelên Têkildarî Mirinê Li Herêma Nisêbînê” pp. 105-106, 171
↑573 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 97
↑574 Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, “Tewafêt Êzidiye Li Devera Qaiydiya: Pişka Duyê” Lalish Magazine 29, Duhok, July 2009. pp. 81-87
↑575 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 13
↑576 Ibid. pp. 12-13
↑577 پکۆڤان رێسان خانکی (٢٠١٦) هزر و فەلسەفا د ئەدەبياتا دینێ ئێزدياندا (Kovan Rêsan Xankî (2016) Hizir û Felsefa di Edebiyata Dînê Êzdiyanda) p. 154
↑578 Ibid. p. 13
↑579 According to the Muxtar of the village on Kurdistan24. Video link: https://youtu.be/AAgcB9x3BBU?si=nE_rkGbYLQw2zzRd
↑580 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 13
↑581 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 102-107
↑582 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 22
↑583 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 183-184, 201
↑584 Ibid. p. 201
↑585 sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑586 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 183-184, 201
↑587 Ibid
↑588 Ibid. p. 246
↑589 Ibid. pp. 183-184
↑590 Ibid. p. 201
↑591 Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
↑592 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105, 201
↑593 Ibid. pp. 183-184
↑594 Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
↑595 Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
↑596 Kurdistan TV. (2023, September 13). سەما..د ئێزدیاتیێ دا پاقژی ژ ئیمانێ یە [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_IbRuzmg_U
↑597 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105
↑598 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 36-37
↑599 Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
↑600 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 201
↑601 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105, 177
↑602 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 36-37
↑603 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105
↑604 Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 17). به رنامه ی سه ما .. دیـروکا گـوندێ شـاریا کـەڤـن و هـەبوونا مـەزارگـەهێن ئـێزدیان دڤی گـونـدی دا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxYldGjPYrE
↑605 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105, 201
↑606 Ibid. pp. 194-195
↑607 Ibid. p. 246
↑608 Ibid
↑609 Ibid. pp. 183-184, 246
↑610 Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
↑611 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 183-184
↑612 Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
↑613 Ibid
↑614 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 104-105
↑615 Ibid. p. 196
↑616 Ibid. p. 201
↑617 Ibid. pp. 104-105
↑618 Ibid. p. 246
↑619 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 242-243
↑620 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 18
↑621 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 242-243
↑622 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 17
↑623 DASIN media. (2022, August 31). تاريخ قرية محمودا مع بير خلات بير الياس. Retrieved December 28, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/share/v/e4x1675HALY2rQLR/
↑624 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 55
↑625 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑626 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑627 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 183
↑628 Ibid. pp. 96-97
↑629 Ibid. p. 242
↑630 Ibid. p. 201
↑631 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 36
↑632 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 194-195
↑633 Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2009, pp. 81-87 (Many springs are mentioned without specification on whether they are sacred or not, we have included this one in this list since it is named after a holy figure.)
↑634 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 19
↑635 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97
↑636 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 54
↑637 Ibid. p. 69
↑638 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 41-42
↑639 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 183
↑640 Ibid
↑641 Ibid. pp. 96-97
↑642 Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2009, pp. 81-87 (Many springs are mentioned without specification on whether they are sacred or not, we have included this one in this list since it is named after a holy figure.)
↑643 Karwan Hecî Baedrî, 2024, pp. 79-92
↑644 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
↑645 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 58
↑646 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 241
↑647 Tolan, Kemal, 2021a, pp. 86-93
↑648 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 18
↑649 Çira TV. (2022b, April 13). Çand  û  Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cty_G9aEezc
↑650 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 97
↑651 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 19
↑652 Ibid. p. 62
↑653 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97
↑654 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
↑655 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 65
↑656 DASIN media. (2022, August 31). تاريخ قرية محمودا مع بير خلات بير الياس. Retrieved December 28, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/share/v/e4x1675HALY2rQLR/
↑657 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97, 242
↑658 Ibid. pp. 96-97, 242
↑659 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 65
↑660 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 96-97, 242
↑661 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
↑662 sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑663 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 34-35, 37
↑664 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, pp. 191-192
↑665 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 36, 40-41
↑666 Ibid. p. 36
↑667 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 83
↑668 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 99
↑669 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, pp. 152-153
↑670 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 82
↑671 Ibid
↑672 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 99
↑673 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑674 Çira TV (2022, March 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Xoşaba [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/iWctIA25oJA?si=Sxn5u-4XgYrCq8lf
↑675 sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑676 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 183
↑677 Ibid. p. 242
↑678 Çira TV. (2022e, August 9). Gundê Me | Gundê Kebertû [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqih9WJ2f-I
↑679 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21
↑680 Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 20). سه ما.. پیروزیا جیایێن پەرستگەها لالش [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4922fd_hFk
↑681 Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022
↑682 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21
↑683 Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 20). سه ما.. پیروزیا جیایێن پەرستگەها لالش [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4922fd_hFk
↑684 Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022
↑685 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 102
↑686 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21
↑687 Kurdistan TV. (2022a, July 20). سه ما.. پیروزیا جیایێن پەرستگەها لالش [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4922fd_hFk
↑688 Interview with an elderly native of Êsivnê from the Pîr caste, conducted on December 2022
↑689 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21
↑690 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
↑691 Pîr Dîma (2011). “Êzdîyên Serhedê” (Translated from Russian by Ezîzê Cewo) p. 102
↑692 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 102
↑693 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 104
↑694 Ibid. p. 103
↑695 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21
↑696 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 104
↑697 Ibid. p. 103
↑698 Ibid. pp. 104, 201
↑699 Çira TV. (2022g, October 12). 10.10.22 | Çand û Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xtyuJpKwDQ
↑700 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 132
↑701 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 30
↑702 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, p. 21
↑703 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 71-73
↑704 Ibid. p. 74
↑705 Ibid. pp. 22-23
↑706 Ibid. p. 22
↑707 Xemo, Tariq Şukrî, 2009, pp. 81-87 (Many hills are mentioned without specification on whether they are sacred or not, we have included this one in this list since it is named after a holy figure.)
↑708 Çira TV. (2022g, July 2). 30.06.22 | Zêwe [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVjyew4Cgp0
↑709 Field study in the spring of 2024
↑710 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, pp. 20-21
↑711 Ibid. p. 20
↑712 مروان شێخ حەسەن. (2011). مەزارگەهێن شێشمس ل دەڤەرێن  ئێزدیان  (قوب، ئاقد، نیشانگەه). Gelyê Laliş, 7, pp. 3–4
↑713 sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑714 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
↑715 Lalish TV. (2021b, August 20). Welate Kal u Bava Kuba Pira Fat, Kuba Haji Ali , Kuba ShexMand [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxHfJy1IQ6Q
↑716 Kurdistan TV. (2022, September 21). بەرنامەی سـەمـا .. پیروزیـا چارشـەمبێ دنـاڤ ئـێزدیـان دا [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NtY_D8rTxA
↑717 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑718 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 250
↑719 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
↑720 Ibid. p. 34
↑721 Çira TV. (2021a, November 11). Çand  û  Dîrok [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCaDJl7cRHs
↑722 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
↑723 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 25-27
↑724 Elî, Mihemed Ebdo, 2008, pp. 79-91
↑725 Maisel, Sebastian, 2016, pp. 65-69
↑726 Ibid
↑727 sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑728 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 104
↑729 Ibid. p. 244
↑730 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 31
↑731 sadam xanke. (2023b, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑732 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
↑733 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
↑734 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑735 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 34
↑736 Ibid
↑737 Ibid
↑738 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
↑739 Ibid. p. 104
↑740 Fan Media K. (2024a, July 6). Bername | Cih U Waar |بەرنامێ| (جهـ و وار) |خەلەکا (1) گوندێ (بوزان) | Fan media k [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIPI4y5JaxQ
↑741 sadam xanke. (2023, December 18). به رناما گوندئ مه گوندئ زيروه شنگال [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMottPEau60
↑742 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 22-23
↑743 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
↑744 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 184
↑745 See map of Laliş by the architects Esdichan Yesdin and Mardin Yesdin which includes a list of sacred structures within the sanctuary, with the data gathered from Babê Çawîş, Pîr Seîd and Pîr Xidir Silêman. Link: https://esdistudy.yolasite.com/architektur.php
↑746 Ibid
↑747 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 32
↑748 Ibid. p. 34
↑749 Hecî, Bedelê Feqîr, 2002, pp. 40-41
↑750 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 247
↑751 Ibid. p. 107
↑752 Pîr Xelat Eliyas, 2024, pp. 69-78
↑753 Kovan Xankî, 2010, pp. 17-24
↑754 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021, p. 245
↑755 Ibid. pp. 194-195
↑756 Ibid. p. 107
↑757 Pirbari, Dimtri 2008, p. 36
↑758 Aysif, Rezan Shivan, 2021. p. 247
↑759 Ibid. pp. 194-195
↑760 Ibid. p. 247
↑761 Ibid
↑762 Pîr Xelat Eliyas Ce’fo, 2018, p. 22
↑763 Field research by the researcher Dawid Mirad Xetarî, who recorded the site and published the video on his facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/9xhn5yeLDWuKgGHy/ (Accessed 1 July 2024)

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